Urban Levels of Air Pollution Increase Lung Responsiveness in Rats

Pereira, Perla M.; Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento; Sakae, R S; Böhm, György; Martins, Mílton A.

doi:10.1006/enrs.1995.1030

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, it is not even possible to determine whether the observed effects were due to the measured pollutants or whether they represent a proxy variable of other compounds present in the atmosphere of São Paulo and that are not evaluated by the existing air pollution monitoring system. Anyway, as reported in the experimental studies by our group (32,33), the mixture of air pollutants present in São Paulo induces damage to the mucociliary epithelium leading to loss of cilia, increased mucus density, increased inflammatory responses, and increased frequency of inflammatory and infectious diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…For instance, emergency room visits were significantly associated with all pollutants, probably because of the high degree of correlation among them, which is expected to occur in a pollution scenario generated by automotive emissions. The difficulty in isolating the most dangerous pollutant is a limitation of the ecological approach employed by us, and was present in our previous animal and epidemiological studies (7,25,32,33). In fact, it is not even possible to determine whether the observed effects were due to the measured pollutants or whether they represent a proxy variable of other compounds present in the atmosphere of São Paulo and that are not evaluated by the existing air pollution monitoring system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of air pollution on pediatric respiratory emergency room visits and hospital admissions

Farhat

Paulo

Shimoda

et al. 2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

Self Cite

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to assess the effect of air pollution on pediatric respiratory morbidity, we carried out a time series study using daily levels of PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone, and CO and daily numbers of pediatric respiratory emergency room visits and hospital admissions at the Children's Institute of the University of São Paulo Medical School, from August 1996 to August 1997. In this period there were 43,635 hospital emergency room visits, 4534 of which were due to lower respiratory tract disease. The total number of hospital admissions was 6785, 1021 of which were due to lower respiratory tract infectious and/or obstructive diseases. The three health end-points under investigation were the daily number of emergency room visits due to lower respiratory tract diseases, hospital admissions due to pneumonia, and hospital admissions due to asthma or bronchiolitis. Generalized additive Poisson regression models were fitted, controlling for smooth functions of time, temperature and humidity, and an indicator of weekdays. NO 2 was positively associated with all outcomes. Interquartile range increases (65.04 µg/m 3 ) in NO 2 moving averages were associated with an 18.4% increase (95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 12.5-24.3) in emergency room visits due to lower respiratory tract diseases (4-day moving average), a 17.6% increase (95% CI = 3.3-32.7) in hospital admissions due to pneumonia or bronchopneumonia (3-day moving average), and a 31.4% increase (95% CI = 7.2-55.7) in hospital admissions due to asthma or bronchiolitis (2-day moving average). The study showed that air pollution considerably affects children's respiratory morbidity, deserving attention from the health authorities. Correspondence

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of air pollution on pediatric respiratory emergency room visits and hospital admissions

Farhat

Paulo

Shimoda

et al. 2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

Self Cite

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is supported by the findings from various experimental and epidemiologic studies. Rats kept in a polluted ambient atmosphere (urban city of Sao Paolo, Brazil) for 3 months demonstrated increased airway hyperresponsiveness, which was attenuated when the rats were moved to a nonpolluted city [14], and guinea pigs exposed to diesel exhaust have been shown to develop nasal mucosal hyperresponsiveness and increased numbers of sneezes induced by histamine [15]. Several epidemiologic studies have shown a parallel increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases with the number of vehicles on the road.…”

Section: Road Traffic Fumes and The Rising Prevalence Of Allergic Dismentioning

confidence: 98%

Diesel fumes and the rising prevalence of atopy: An urban legend?

Díaz-Sánchez

Proietti

Polosa

2003

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, the incidence of allergic diseases has increased in most industrialized countries of the world. Persistent exposure to particulate air pollution from motor vehicles has been implicated as one of the factors that is responsible for the observed increased prevalence of atopy. Epidemiologic studies conducted in different parts of the world have demonstrated an important association between ambient levels of motor vehicle traffic emissions and increased symptoms of asthma and rhinitis. Additionally, recent human and animal laboratory-based studies have shown that particulate toxic pollutants, and in particular diesel exhaust particles (DEP), can enhance allergic inflammation and induce the development of allergic immune responses. In this article, our current understanding of the mechanisms by which pollutants such as DEPs enhance the underlying allergic inflammatory response is reviewed, and the evidence that supports the causative link between particulate air pollution from motor vehicles and increasing allergic diseases is discussed.

show abstract

“…Atmospheric pollution in Sao Paulo is high enough to induce adverse health effects on experimental animals. Previous studies using rats as sentinel animals for assessing the chronic effects of air pollution disclosed functional alterations of mucociliary clearance, inflammatory changes along the respiratory tract, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in exposed animals (13)(14)(15)(16) (17). These experimental findings provide some degree of toxicological support to epidemiological studies that indicate a significant association between air pollution and mortality in Sao Paulo (10,11 59.0/o67.5%, 67.5-76.5%, >76.5%).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%