Urban geology of African megacities

Davies, T.C.

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.06.012

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…A similar situation has been documented in other large African cities including in Yaoundé and Douala in Cameron (Tchamba and Bikoko, 2015). Building collapse are particularly frequent and well studied in Nigeria in the city of Lagos (Dimuna, 2010;Ede, 2013;Davies, 2015), and their origin are due to a number of reasons (Oloyede et al, 2010) including building materials (Amadi et al, 2012), subsurface conditions (Oyediran and Famakinwa, 2015), and incompetent builders (Dimuna, 2010). For the Antananarino area, the problem is further magnified because it is located near a tropical cyclone belt, a situation that Asian cities also face (Gupta and Ahmad, 1999).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 52%

Combining geology, geomorphology and geotechnical data for a safer urban extension: Application to the Antananarivo capital city (Madagascar)

Andriamamonjisoa

Hubert‐Ferrari

2019

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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Metropolitan and suburban areas in Africa are rapidly expanding with, in general, a poor safe urban management. Urban development in zones not suitable for construction leads to significant economic loss. The aggregate building damage combined with other environmental treats like drought, flooding or landsliding are enhancing African city vulnerability. Simple cartographic products made available to the general public could facilitate the first stage of planning and management considering parameters that affect building foundation. We combine here in ARCGIS geological, geomorphological and geotechnical data to provide such a framework focusing on the capital city of Antananarivo in Madagascar. The city was initially constructed on basement hills covered with a thick loose weathered layer and is expanding into the alluvial lowland watered by the Ikopa River. About 221 boreholes with pressumeters and laboratory data provide a picture of the underground characteristics, and allow the computation of the soil bearing capacity, the key parameter we used to assess building suitability. Lithology, slope, land-use and ground water level are combine to build a first geotechnical map that is completed using a mapping of the soil bearing capacity combined with land-use and geohydrological constraints. The geotechnical maps divide the city into zones with different constructive conditions that can be use as a first tool for urban development planning.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 52%

Combining geology, geomorphology and geotechnical data for a safer urban extension: Application to the Antananarivo capital city (Madagascar)

Andriamamonjisoa

Hubert‐Ferrari

2019

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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“…In [31], the authors developed a GIS-based multicriteria analysis model to assess and analyze urban vulnerability index to earthquakes through a spatial analysis method. In this work, areas with high vulnerability zones were located and then found differences between high vulnerability and other areas within a defined urban region.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Risk Assessment Approach Using Multiple Spatial Parameters for Shelter Demands

Jin¹,

Iqbal²,

Kang³

et al. 2022

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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The earthquake is considered one of the most devastating disasters in any area of the world due to its potentially destructive force. Based on the various earthquake-related parameters, the risk assessment is enabled in advance to prevent future earthquake disasters. In this paper, for providing the shelter space demands to reduce the damage level and prevention costs, an earthquake risk assessment approach is proposed for deriving the risk index based on multiple spatial parameters in the gridded map. The proposed assessment approach is comprised of pre-processing, methodology model, and data visualization. The risk index model derives the earthquake risk index by multiple spatial parameters including indexes of earthquake, danger, shelter, and building for blocks in the quantitative gridded map. The parameters are provided based on mathematical models and combined with the risk index that presents the earthquake risk assessment result for each block. Therefore, the gridding approach is proposed to provide the elements of the risk assessment area that are used in the spatial parameters. The gridded map is developed for the selected area to visualize risk index parameters associated with each risk zone. Based on the derived result of the proposed earthquake risk index model, emergency shelter requirements are provided according to the risk index for each location, which supports safety measures in advance to prevent future earthquake disasters.

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“…The dense network of underground tunnels in Barcelona (highspeed train, Metro, etc.) could create barriers to groundwater flow and cause a rise in groundwater levels upstream of the structure and a drop downstream (Font-Capó et al, 2011, 2015Pujades et al, 2012Pujades et al, , 2015Culí et al, 2016). Investigations of these types of construction projects often contribute to the local body of subsurface information (Filbà et al, 2016;Font-Capó et al, 2012;Martí et al, 2008).…”

Section: Quaternary Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, many of the world's major cities are located above alluvial or deltaic aquifers (Carlson et al, 2011;Davies, 2015;Gleeson et al, 2015;Tessler et al, 2015). Currently, particularly with the industrialization that began in the 1950s, most of these aquifers have been severely affected in terms of the quantity and quality of their waters (Aeschbach-Hertig and Gleeson, 2012;Gleeson et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A geological model for the management of subsurface data in the urban environment of Barcelona and surrounding area

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The overdevelopment of cities since the industrial revolution has shown the need to incorporate a sound geological knowledge in the management of required subsurface infrastructures and in the assessment of increasingly needed groundwater resources. Additionally, the scarcity of outcrops and the technical difficulty to conduct underground exploration in urban areas highlights the importance of implementing efficient management plans that deal with the legacy of heterogeneous subsurface information. To deal with these difficulties, a methodology has been proposed to integrate all the available spatio-temporal data into a comprehensive spatial database and a set of tools that facilitates the analysis and processing of the existing and newly added data for the city of Barcelona (NE Spain). Here we present the resulting actual subsurface 3-D geological model that incorporates and articulates all the information stored in the database. The methodology applied to Barcelona benefited from a good collaboration between administrative bodies and researchers that enabled the realization of a comprehensive geological database despite logistic difficulties. Currently, the public administration and also private sectors both benefit from the geological understanding acquired in the city of Barcelona, for example, when preparing the hydrogeological models used in groundwater assessment plans. The methodology further facilitates the continuous incorporation of new data in the implementation and sustainable management of urban groundwater, and also contributes to significantly reducing the costs of new infrastructures.

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Urban geology of African megacities

Cited by 14 publications

References 137 publications

Combining geology, geomorphology and geotechnical data for a safer urban extension: Application to the Antananarivo capital city (Madagascar)

Combining geology, geomorphology and geotechnical data for a safer urban extension: Application to the Antananarivo capital city (Madagascar)

Earthquake Risk Assessment Approach Using Multiple Spatial Parameters for Shelter Demands

A geological model for the management of subsurface data in the urban environment of Barcelona and surrounding area

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