Urban Fly Dispersal in the Area of Savannah, Georgia

Quarterman, K. D.; Mathis, W.; Kilpatrick, John W.

doi:10.1093/jee/47.3.405

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Because of the ability of house ßies to disperse up to 12 km (Quarterman et al 1954, Broce 1993, the ßy could acquire virulent and antibiotic resistant E. faecalis from decaying organic substrates (e.g., animal manure/feces, human waste at wastewater treatment facilities) and successfully deposit the bacteria to a number of substrates (human food/drinks) remote from the area they were acquired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF:pMV158 Survives and Proliferates in the House Fly Digestive Tract

Doud

Zurek

2012

jnl. med. entom.

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Enterococcus faecalis is an important nosocomial pathogen and house ßies have been implicated in the dissemination of this bacterium. In this study, GFP-expressing E. faecalis OG1RF:pMV158 was used to track the fate of the bacterium in the digestive tract of the house ßy, Musca domestica (L.) to assess the vector potential of this insect for E. faecalis. Colony forming unit (CFU) counts were obtained from viable ßuorescing E. faecalis recovered from mouthparts and digestive tract regions (labelum, foregut, midgut, and hindgut) at 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the bacterial exposure. Bacterial counts were signiÞcantly highest in the midgut at 1 h and 4 h and declined during the Þrst 24 h. In the labelum, E. faecalis concentrations were low within the Þrst 24 h and then greatly increased. Bacterial counts and direct observations of the digestive tract under a dissecting microscope with ultra violet light revealed that E. faecalis peaked in the crop after 48 h and remained high until the end of the experiment. Concentrations of E. faecalis in the hindgut were low when compared with other parts of the digestive tract. Microscopy and CFU counts suggest that E. faecalis was digested in the midgut but proliferated in the crop. Both drinking water and feed (ßaked corn) sampled at the end of the assay (96 h) were contaminated by ßuorescing E. faecalis, demonstrating that the ßies disseminated E. faecalis. Our data support the notion that house ßies can act as a bioenhanced vector for bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF:pMV158 Survives and Proliferates in the House Fly Digestive Tract

Doud

Zurek

2012

jnl. med. entom.

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“…Gene flow among and even within regions seemed greatly restricted, considering accounts of house fly vagility (Bishopp, 1916; Quarterman et al ., 1954). All pairwise estimates of gene flow ( Nm ) between zoogeographical regions were less than 0.70 reproducing females per generation and the mean was 0.49.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial diversity in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase in house flies

Cummings

Krafsur

2005

Medical Vet Entomology

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DNA sequence analysis at mitochondrial gene COI was surveyed in 293 house flies, Musca domestica Linneaus (Diptera: Muscidae), in 29 populations from North, Central and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Western Pacific. Nei's gene diversity index (H(S)) was 0.47, the chance that two randomly chosen flies have different COI haplotypes. Haplotype diversity was greater in the Old World (H(S) = 0.58) than the New World (H(S) = 0.31). The hierarchical partition of the total diversity indicated substantial differentiation at all levels (G(ST) = 0.30), and highly structured populations. All pairwise estimates of gene flow between zoogeographical regions were less than 0.70 reproducing females per generation. The results are compared to those of a similar study based on the single-strand conformation polymorphism method. Probable colonization scenarios for house flies into the New World are discussed and it is concluded that house flies are a recent addition to the fauna of the Western Hemisphere.

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“…Toxicity to the insect was also a serious problem to be considered in many studies (Quarterman et al, 1955). The radioisotopes 45 Ca and 131 I were very toxic when fed to adult house-flies at 1 µc/mL of milk, whereas 32 P was satisfactory (Quarterman et al, 1954). Jensen & Fay (1951) compared the effectiveness of feeding 32 P to adults and to larvae of houseflies and secondary screwworms (Cochliomyia macellaria F.) and observed that larvae fed on a medium with 0.1 µc of 32 P/g gave adults averaging 100 counts/minute, whilst adults fed on milk with 1 µc/mL gave counts of 1100 for males and 2000 for females.…”

Section: Pest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%