Urban Ecology: Urbanization and Systems of Cities

Wilson, Franklin D.

doi:10.1146/annurev.so.10.080184.001435

Cited by 35 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…A fourth contribution is to research in urban sociology that conceptualizes the urban structure on the basis of the distribution of economic activities in space (Wilson, 1984;Sassen, 1990). A classic distinction in that body of work is that between higher-order places that perform the coordinating function and lower-order places that specialize in the production of goods (e.g., Lincoln, 1978;Meyer, 1990;Palmer et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizational Foundings in Community Context: Instruments Manufacturers and Their Interrelationship with Other Organizations

Audia

Freeman

Reynolds

2006

Administrative Science Quarterly

123

100

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Combining insights from organizational ecology and social network theory, we examine how the structure of relations among organizational populations affects differences in rates of foundings across geographic locales. We hypothesize that symbiotic and commensalistic interpopulation relations function as channels of information about entrepreneurial opportunities and that differing access to such information influences the founding rate. Empirical analyses of U.S. instruments manufacturers support this argument. The founding rate of instruments manufacturers rises with the densities of organizational populations that have symbiotic and commensalistic relationships with instruments manufacturers. These factors encourage the initial foundings of instruments manufacturers in areas where such organizations were not previously found. The dominance of organizational populations tied to instruments manufacturing by symbiotic or commensalistic relations increases the rate of foundings of instruments manufacturers, whereas the dominance of organizational populations that lack these relations decreases it. Finally, we find that interpopulation relationships that hinge on direct contact have less impact on initial foundings as geographic distance increases. These results have implications for research on organizational ecology, entrepreneurship, urban sociology, and economic geography.• Where organizational foundings occur has been a topic of considerable interest to scholars of organizations. Most of the work seeking to explain differences in founding rates has identified internal attributes of spatial units-be they nations, states, regions, cities, or even zip code areas. Laws (Dobbin and Dowd, 1997), infusions of capital derived from initial public offerings or acquisitions (Stuart and Sorenson, 2003b), and the number of preexisting organizations (Carroll and Wade, 1991;Lomi, 1995) are examples of internal attributes of spatial units that have been shown to influence the founding rate. The relations that link spatial units to each other and that determine their structural position have received relatively less attention. A few studies have examined the relations of spatial units in geographical space, focusing in particular on the effect of geographical proximity on founding rates (e.g., Hedstrom, 1994;Wade, Swaminathan, and Saxon, 1998). The potential effects on founding rates of the position that communities occupy in market space have been largely overlooked. Yet previous research has shown that organizations gain access to resources as a function of their structural position in networks (Podolny, Stuart, and Hannan, 1996;Dobrev, Kim, and Hannan, 2001;Sørensen, 2004) and that the community is most often the habitat in which these structured flows of resources have an impact on concreteIn terms of foundings, then, where one chooses to start a specific kind of organization matters greatly, because the resources employed by those who would start such organizations are unevenly distributed in space. Communities are situate...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizational Foundings in Community Context: Instruments Manufacturers and Their Interrelationship with Other Organizations

Audia

Freeman

Reynolds

2006

Administrative Science Quarterly

123

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the suburb, on the other hand, the residents' external reliant thinking may be driven by specific functions in the area. It is said that urban areas are composed of different functionally diversified units, and these are interrelated through complex systems (Wilson 1984), of which market/commercial functions are an essential part. As the center of urban functions, the local market provides diverse commodities and services, including essential ones in the case of emergency.…”

Section: Comparison Of Constraints Between Rural and Suburban Villagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Improvement in Precautions for Flood Risk Mitigation: A Case Study in the Low-Lying Area of Central Vietnam

Định

Ubukata

Nguyen

et al. 2021

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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Local actors appear as inseparable components of the integrated flood risk mitigation strategy in Vietnam. Recognizing this fact, this study examined the long-term improvement in precautions taken by commune authorities and households between two major floods in 1999 and 2017 by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods. Two flood-prone villages were selected for a survey; one in a rural area and the other in a suburban area of Thua Thien Hue Province, central Vietnam. The findings indicate that most villagers doubted the structural works’ efficacy and were dissatisfied with the current efforts of local authorities. Households’ self-preparation thus became the decisive factor in mitigating risk. While most households have paid greater attention to flood precautions in 2017, others seem to be lagging. Poverty-related barriers were the root causes restraining households in both rural and suburban villages. The suburban riverine residents were further identified as vulnerable by their limitations in upgrading structural measures, which was ascribed to the inconsistency in the ancient town’s preservation policy. This multidimensional comparison, in terms of vulnerability, emphasized the importance of space-function links in the suburb and the contradictions of different policy initiatives, such as landscape rehabilitation, disaster prevention, and livelihood maintenance.

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“…)econcentration explanations of counterurbanisation draw from the human ecology tradition in )merican sociology (Hawley, 1978 ) Wilson, 1984) Wardwell, 1980 . )s with the regional restructuring explanation, deconcentration writers acknowledge the effects of changing industrial structures and technological innovations .…”

Section: )Econcentration Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%