Urban attraction: Bhutanese internal rural–urban migration

Gosai, Mayur A.; Sulewski, Leanne

doi:10.1080/10225706.2013.790830

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The livelihood challenges, as well as the lack of healthcare resources, education, and economic opportunities, drive rural to urban migration, eroding community connections, and creating labor shortages for farming. Young people are increasingly departing from rural districts, especially in the south and east, to seek education and livelihood opportunities in Thimphu (Gosai and Sulewski 2014). By enhancing livelihood opportunities and self-sufficiency, SJI seeks to slow rural-urban migration and re-invigorate village life.…”

Section: Rural Development To Reduce Waste In Samdrup Jongkharmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reincarnation of Waste: A Case Study of Spiritual Ecology Activism for Household Solid Waste Management: The Samdrup Jongkhar Initiative of Rural Bhutan

Allison

2019

Religions

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As rural and subsistence households in the Global South take on the consumption habits of industrialized countries, shifting consumption patterns have contributed to cascades of nonbiodegradable solid waste overwhelming the ability of households, municipal authorities, and governments to manage. As global capitalism expands around the world, spiritual ecology approaches to waste and pollution can provide deeper insight into the attitudes and practices that create a “throw away” society. In rural southern Bhutan, the revered Buddhist teacher, Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, initiated a waste reduction project based on Bhutan’s guiding development philosophy of Gross National Happiness. Through engaging cultural and spiritual values, and drawing on the inspirational qualities of social and spiritual leaders, the Samdrup Jongkhar Initiative’s Zero Waste project is an example of spiritual ecology activism for household waste management and waste reduction.

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Section: Rural Development To Reduce Waste In Samdrup Jongkharmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reincarnation of Waste: A Case Study of Spiritual Ecology Activism for Household Solid Waste Management: The Samdrup Jongkhar Initiative of Rural Bhutan

Allison

2019

Religions

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“…Other study showed that urban poor were at higher risk than rural people [ 49 ], suggesting that those that are well educated can choose to adopt a healthy lifestyle, the poor have fewer food choices and more limited access to nutritional education [ 50 ]. The diabetic burden in Bhutan is expected to increase with increased rural-urban migration in the coming years [ 30 – 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This transition is characterised by rising disposable income levels, a shift from traditional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets towards diets lower in carbohydrates and higher in saturated fat, sugar and salt, and lower levels of physical activity [ 29 ]. Further, demographics are changing rapidly as young people in particular move to towns for work, education and entertainment [ 30 – 32 ]. Despite this societal transformation, no prior systematically analysed in-depth study representing the whole national prevalence exists on diabetes and its associated risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for self-reported diabetes among Bhutanese adults: A nationally representative survey data analysis

Wangdi

Jamtsho

2018

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundBhutan, a small land-locked country in the eastern Himalayas has been undergoing an epidemiological and nutritional transition in the last two decades. The objective of this paper was to determine the prevalence and explore the risk factors of self-reported diabetes among Bhutanese adults.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis among adults 18 years and older Bhutanese using the data from the National Health Survey 2012 (NHS, 2012) of Bhutan. The self-reported information on risk factors was obtained using standard protocols of the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance. The outcome of interest was self-reported diabetes on medication. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factor of diabetes.ResultsA total of 31,066 participants aged 18 years and older were included for the analysis. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 1.8% (491). Risk factors for diabetes were: age groups: 35–44 years adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.82 (95% CI, 1.07, 7.41), 45–54 years AOR = 6.02 (95% CI, 2.29, 15.83), 55–64 year AOR = 15.7 (95% CI 5.93, 41.55) and >65 years AOR = 19.60 (95% CI, 6.93, 55.71); high school and diploma/certificate education AOR = 2.57, (95% CI 1.62, 4.07) and AOR = 3.92 (95% CI 1.70, 9.07); and urban dwellers AOR = 2.37, (95% 1.58, 3.57); hypertension AOR = 3.3, (95% CI 2.47, 4.41); and fruit servings of 1–3 per week AOR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.15, 2.31).ConclusionThe number of Bhutanese adults with diabetes and co-morbidities associated with it is likely to increase with the ageing of the population, nutrition transition, and high rural-urban migration in the near future. This calls for an urgent need to implement strategies to prevent diabetes in the Bhutanese population targeting risk factors including healthy lifestyle with increased physical activities and reduced smoking. At the same time treating other chronic morbidities including hypertension.

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“…However, most South Asian nations have traditionally failed to ensure energy security on their own whereby acute shortages of energy supplies have often marginalized the prospects of socio-economic development in South Asia [3]. Moreover, the existent low electrification rates and insufficient grid-connectivity across South Asia have also dampened the number of tourist inflows within this region [4]. Under such circumstances, augmentation of renewable energy into the national energy-mixes of South Asian countries is thought to be a credible means of facilitating off-grid electrification across the tourist destinations which, in turn, can be hypothesized to simultaneously harness the sustainability of IITD in South Asia [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibrating the Impacts of Regional Trade Integration and Renewable Energy Transition on the Sustainability of International Inbound Tourism Demand in South Asia

et al. 2020

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This paper aims to evaluate the overarching relationships between International Inbound Tourism Demand (IITD), regional trade integration and Renewable Energy Transition (RET) in the context of selected South Asian economies between 1990 and 2016. The results from the panel data econometric analyses, accounting for cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity issues, showed that higher degrees of intra-regional trade between the South Asian economies exert positive impacts on the IITD in South Asia. Similarly, undergoing a RET was found to stimulate the IITD further. Besides, the joint favorable impacts of regional trade integration and RET on South Asia’s IITD were also ascertained. Therefore, these findings impose key policy implications concerning the pertinence of strengthening regional trade cooperation between the South Asian neighbors and boosting renewable energy consumption for enhancing the IITD further.

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Urban attraction: Bhutanese internal rural–urban migration

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

The Reincarnation of Waste: A Case Study of Spiritual Ecology Activism for Household Solid Waste Management: The Samdrup Jongkhar Initiative of Rural Bhutan

The Reincarnation of Waste: A Case Study of Spiritual Ecology Activism for Household Solid Waste Management: The Samdrup Jongkhar Initiative of Rural Bhutan

Risk factors for self-reported diabetes among Bhutanese adults: A nationally representative survey data analysis

Calibrating the Impacts of Regional Trade Integration and Renewable Energy Transition on the Sustainability of International Inbound Tourism Demand in South Asia

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