Urban and Rural—Population and Energy Consumption Dynamics in Local Authorities within England and Wales

Arbabi, Hadi; Mayfield, Martin

doi:10.3390/buildings6030034

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this context, take a small household size case with a large dwelling size, the higher plot ratio may lead to lower occupancy density which means more habitable area for individuals that consequently mitigate the crowding condition (Cheng, 2009). Pointedly in case of energy analysis, given results based on the population density (Arbabi and Mayfield, 2016, Chen et al, 2018, Nichols and Kockelman, 2015 is not sufficient to show the precise relationship of urban density and form with energy. Because most of the calculations of population density are based on an assumption of average number of people per dwelling (Jenks and Dempsey, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Sustainable cities: The relationships between urban built forms and density indicators

Ahmadian

Sodagar

Mills

et al. 2019

Cities

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper introduces a novel indicator of urban built form termed Form Signature. Generic models of four urban built forms are developed, including pavilion, terrace, court and a newly introduced tunnel-court is used to compare and contrast their land-use performance and density characteristics. Selecting plot ratio and site coverage as the most popular and appropriate density indicators, the simultaneous relationship to each of the considered urban built forms is shown graphically with the number of storeys, plan depth and cutoff angle as the main variables of interest. For existing urban areas, the resulting graphs provide a robust tool for statistical analysis of contexts such as climate, economy, energy and crime potential and establish their relationship to form and density. To show the value of the contribution, analysing 32 case studies from 19 cities in different global locations showed an insignificant relationship between climate and form/density of urban areas, whilst practically depicting that urban areas built in court form acquire higher cutoff angle compared to terrace form urban developments. For planning the future urban areas, the resulting relationships provide application-oriented urban planning tool to facilitate the most effective land-use method in order to achieve sustainable cities. Examples showing the potential of the tool for future statistical energy and social analysis of urban areas are provided. Finally, a relative comparison shows that the newly-introduced tunnel-court form achieves the greatest density while pavilion achieves the lowest.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Sustainable cities: The relationships between urban built forms and density indicators

Ahmadian

Sodagar

Mills

et al. 2019

Cities

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, in this case, the comparison is between the urban and rural zones that make up the territorial unit and not between different urban zones. Even in this case, these scaling laws appear [62]. Despite the scarcity of evidence for the relationship between population and energy consumption in transport uses (shown in the literature), it is enough to neglect other factors.…”

Section: Identification Of Available Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mapping the Energy Flows and GHG Emissions of a Medium-Size City: The Case of Valladolid (Spain)

Manzanera-Benito

Capellán‐Pérez

2021

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Valladolid (Spain) is a medium-size city (~300,000 inhabitants) that established a greenhouse (GHG) emissions reduction target in 2011 of 20% from 2010–2020. However, tracking the evolution of GHG in medium-size cities is challenging due to the general lack of compulsory data collection at this scale and issues with boundaries when attempting alternative estimates. Here, we propose and apply a novel method to estimate the evolution of GHG emissions due to energy consumption for the period of 2010–2019 in Valladolid, combining top-down and bottom-up data following a physical energy flows approach. The energy consumption of the city is estimated by main sectors and types of energies. The results show that, throughout the past decade, both total energy consumption and its sector end-use share did not significantly change: final energy consumption remained at around 24 MWh (86.5 GJ) per capita and was still highly dependent on fossil fuels, especially natural gas and oil products (over 70% of total energy supply). The GHG reduction by 2019 was ~11% with relation to 2010 and, thus, had not reached the set objective; in per capita terms, the GHG reduction was lower (~6%) due to population loss during the period. The trend, however, has not been monotone and has instead followed a U-shape strongly correlated with the economic crisis and subsequent recovery, suggesting that transition policies have had, at most, a modest effect on the overall results. The analysis shows, first of all, the limitations of statistical sources at a local level, both for energy and mobility, which do not allow more accurate results in identifying the main energy consumers to be reached; and, secondly, the need for strong decarbonization measures which have to be set urgently at all the relevant institutional levels. Reaching GHG neutrality in the city by 2050 requires reducing the GHG emissions by ~13%/year, which is ~20 times faster than for the 2010–2019 average of 0.6%/year.

show abstract

“…According to a socioeconomic and demographic study on the residential energy sector in San Antonio, Bexar County and Texas, Elnakat et al (2016) point that, areas with higher population density consume less energy per capita compared to those with lower population density. Besides, in a study aiming to investigate consumption behavior within transport and domestic sectors in England and Wales, Arbabi and Mayfield (2016) show that, decreasing per capita gas consumption patterns are observed for growing population densities.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsiveness of Residential Natural Gas Demand to Elderly, Urban Population and Density: Evidence from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Countries

Malzi¹,

Ettahir²,

Hanchane³

2019

IJEEP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper empirically examines per capita residential natural gas demand using annual data for 29 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2005 to 2016. Earlier studies have focused on the effect of price and income to estimate natural gas demand elasticities, but most of them have neglected the demographic variables such as elderly population, population density and urbanization rate. The aim of this work is to include these attributes for modeling the demand function of natural gas. To address the problem of endogeneity, we use a dynamic panel system called Generalized Method of Moments estimator. Our study presents the following main results; First, the increase of the urbanization rate leads to more per capita consumption of natural gas in the residential sector. Second, the ageing of the population decreases the use of per capita residential natural gas in OECD countries. Third, as population density increases, per capita residential natural gas consumption decreases.

show abstract

Urban and Rural—Population and Energy Consumption Dynamics in Local Authorities within England and Wales

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Sustainable cities: The relationships between urban built forms and density indicators

Sustainable cities: The relationships between urban built forms and density indicators

Mapping the Energy Flows and GHG Emissions of a Medium-Size City: The Case of Valladolid (Spain)

Responsiveness of Residential Natural Gas Demand to Elderly, Urban Population and Density: Evidence from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Countries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About