Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of job-training programs, initiated by the Moroccan government and called "special training contracts", on the performance of Moroccan firms. Design/methodology/approach -Two databases (MICT, OFPPT) of Moroccan firms were considered. Matched databases were completed using a questionnaire survey. Panel data with 322 firms from 2001 to 2003 were obtained. Findings -The paper highlights that "special training contracts" is an efficient measure of public policy. Indeed, job-training programs increase the competitiveness and performance of Moroccan firms. Additionally, it was shown that firms have different perceptions of the role of public policy. It was emphasised that training effects are higher when training is considered as part of a human resources development strategy. On the contrary, when firms view public policy as just a financing opportunity, they do not get any returns from training. Practical implications -A better understanding of the role of STC may increase training efficiency. Originality/value -The case of an emerging country, Morocco, was studied. The conclusion of the analysis could provide solutions linking human resources management to issues of growth and long-term development.
[eng] Initial Professional Mobility: Secondary Education and Experience on the Labour Market . The period between the end of secondary school and the . first stable job is becoming longer and longer for young people who have not passed the general baccalauréat. For those who left secondary school in 1989, the . probability of finding a job is primarily dependent on the first months or years on the labour market. However, young people's attributes on leaving the education system . are also very important. The speciality and level of education and qualifications have a significant influence on the probability of holding down a job, even up to six years after leaving the education system. This factor affects women more than men. . The two sets of variables therefore have significant effects on the probability of having a job on the different interview dates. The paper thus suggests taking a fresh look at the role of education (level, qualifications and speciality) to explain the professional transition. [fre] Mobilité professionnelle initiale : éducation et expérience sur le marché du travail Un modèle Probit à effet aléatoire . La période qui va de la fin de la formation initiale au premier emploi durable est de plus en plus longue pour les jeunes ne possédant pas le baccalauréat général. L'étude de cette période, pour ceux sortis de formation initiale en 1989, montre que la probabilité d'occuper un emploi dépend d'abord des premiers mois ou les premières années passés sur le marché du travail. Mais les caractéristiques des jeunes à la sortie du système éducatif sont aussi très importantes. La spécialité de formation, les niveaux de formation et de diplôme influencent significativement la probabilité d'avoir un emploi, même jusqu'à six ans après la sortie du système scolaire, et ce plus nettement pour les femmes que pour les hommes. . Ces deux ensembles de variables ont des effets importants sur la probabilité d'avoir un emploi aux différentes dates d'interrogations de l'échantillon retenu. Ces résultats suggèrent donc de réexaminer le rôle de la formation (niveau, diplôme, spécialité) dans la transition professionnelle. [ger] Anfàngliche berufliche Mobilitât: Erstausbildung und Erfahrung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt . Der Zeitraum zwischen dem AbschluB der Erstausbildung und der ersten dauerhaften Beschâftigung wird fur die Jugendlichen ohne Abitur immer langer. Fur diejenigen, die ihre Erstausbildung im Jahre 1989 abgeschlossen haben, hângt die Wahrscheinlichkeit, einen Arbeitsplatz zu haben, hauptsâchlich von den ersten Monaten oder den ersten Jahren, die sie auf dem Arbeitsmarkt verbrachten, ab. Sehr wichtig sind aber auch die Merkmale der Jugendlichen beim Ausscheiden aus dem Ausbildungssystem. Der gewàhlte Fachbereich, der Ausbildungsgrad und das Diplom Qben einen wesent- lichen EinfluB auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit aus, einen . Arbeitsplatz zu haben, und dies sogar bis zu sechs Jahre nach dem AusbildungsabschluB. Bei Frauen trifft dies noch mehr zu als bei Mânnern. . Somit haben die beiden Variablenreihen wesentliche A...
This paper empirically examines per capita residential natural gas demand using annual data for 29 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2005 to 2016. Earlier studies have focused on the effect of price and income to estimate natural gas demand elasticities, but most of them have neglected the demographic variables such as elderly population, population density and urbanization rate. The aim of this work is to include these attributes for modeling the demand function of natural gas. To address the problem of endogeneity, we use a dynamic panel system called Generalized Method of Moments estimator. Our study presents the following main results; First, the increase of the urbanization rate leads to more per capita consumption of natural gas in the residential sector. Second, the ageing of the population decreases the use of per capita residential natural gas in OECD countries. Third, as population density increases, per capita residential natural gas consumption decreases.
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