Urban air-quality assessment and source apportionment studies for Bhubaneshwar, Odisha

Mahapatra, Parth Sarathi; Ray, Subhasree; Das, Nigamananda; Mohanty, Ayusman; Ramulu, T.S.; Das, Trupti; Chaudhury, G. Roy; Das, Sonali

doi:10.1007/s00704-012-0732-9

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This value was well compared with the value obtained from some of the European cities like Barcelona (urban) recorded as 0.64; Finokalia, Greece (coastal) recorded as 0.63; and Milan (urban) recorded as 0.71 (Gerasopoulos et al 2007 ; Marcazzan et al 2003 ; Pey et al 2008 ). Ratio of PM 2.5 /PM 10 generally gives an indication of the ambient air, because it is assumed that a high ratio is mainly due to presence of wind-borne dusts, unpaved road and less emission of fine particles due to various industrial activities (Khodeir et al 2012 ; Mahapatra et al 2013 ). When air speed was compared, there was low speed of air movement throughout the study period in three seasons, which varied from 10–30 kmph in 2020, 4–22 kmph in 2019 and 4–16 kmph in 2018 (Indian Meteorological Department, MoES, India).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New normal baseline data during nationwide lock down due to Covid 19 pandemic in the world’s largest ship recycling yard at Alang, India

Chanchpara

Sonpal

Mehta³

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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A detailed study to generate the new normal baseline data has been carried out during nationwide lockdown (May 12 to May 16, 2020) covering sampling for ambient air, coastal water, coastal sediments, fish and bioaccumulation of heavy metals, in an around Alang, the world’s biggest ship recycling yard. The lockdown data were compared with 2018 and 2019 observed data. PM 10 values during lockdown were reduced by 3.75 to 4.5 times as compared with previous 2 years. Similarly, four-fold reduction of PM 2.5 and SPM values was observed during lockdown. The gaseous pollutants like NO 2 and O 3 are within safe limit. Overall air quality index (AQI) improved significantly during lockdown. Similarly, there was drastic reduction in the majority of the nutrient parameters in the coastal water. Different heavy metal concentration in the coastal sediments samples also showed strong reduction during lockdown sampling in comparison with other two sampling. This proves that the coastal environment has its efficient self-cleaning potentials if there is considerable reduction in the anthropogenic as well as industrial activities. Diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton also increased. The results were validated using statistical techniques like analysis of variance and least significance difference (LSD). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-12885-y.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New normal baseline data during nationwide lock down due to Covid 19 pandemic in the world’s largest ship recycling yard at Alang, India

Chanchpara

Sonpal

Mehta³

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Viewed in this context, the dominance of organics in the IGP outflow is not surprising. From their filter-based chemical composition measurements over Bhubaneswar, Mahapatra et al (2013b) have suggested that the sources of SO 2− 4 were anthropogenic, crustal and marine, with the major contributor being the anthropogenic sources. So sulfate is possibly of mixed origin and present in significant proportions, more so during non-IGP air mass periods (SMS and PMS).…”

Section: Non-refractory Pm 10 Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM<sub>1.0</sub> chemical composition from the eastern coast of India

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Over the Indian region, aerosol absorption is considered to have a potential impact on the regional climate, monsoon and hydrological cycle. Black carbon (BC) is the dominant absorbing aerosol, whose absorption potential is determined mainly by its microphysical properties, including its concentration, size and mixing state with other aerosol components. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is one of the regional aerosol hot spots with diverse sources, both natural and anthropogenic, but still the information on the mixing state of the IGP aerosols, especially BC, is limited and a significant source of uncertainty in understanding their climatic implications. In this context, we present the results from intensive measurements of refractory BC (rBC) carried out over Bhubaneswar, an urban site in the eastern coast of India, which experiences contrasting air masses (the IGP outflow or coastal/marine air masses) in different seasons. This study helps to elucidate the microphysical characteristics of BC over this region and delineates the IGP outflow from the other air masses. The observations were carried out as part of South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions (SWAAMI) collaborative field experiment during July 2016–May 2017, using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) that uses a laser-induced incandescence technique to measure the mass and mixing state of individual BC particles and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) to infer the possible coating material. Results highlighted the distinctiveness in aerosol microphysical properties in the IGP air masses. BC mass concentration was highest during winter (December–February) (∼1.94±1.58 µg m−3), when the prevailing air masses were mostly of IGP origin, followed by post-monsoon (October–November) (mean ∼1.34±1.40 µg m−3). The mass median diameter (MMD) of the BC mass size distributions was in the range 0.190–0.195 µm, suggesting mixed sources of BC, and, further, higher values (∼ 1.3–1.8) of bulk relative coating thickness (RCT) (ratio of optical and core diameters) were seen, indicating a significant fraction of highly coated BC aerosols in the IGP outflow. During the pre-monsoon (March–May), when marine/coastal air masses prevailed, BC mass concentration was lowest (∼0.82±0.84 µg m−3), and larger BC cores (MMD > 0.210 µm) were seen, suggesting distinct source processes, while RCT was ∼ 1.2–1.3, which may translate into higher extent of absolute coating on BC cores, which may have crucial regional climate implications. During the summer monsoon (July–September), BC size distributions were dominated by smaller cores (MMD ≤ 0.185 µm), with the lowest coating indicating fresher BC, likely from fossil fuel sources. A clear diurnal variation pattern of BC and RCT was noticed in all the seasons, and daytime peak in RCT suggested enhanced coating on BC due to the condensable coating material originating from photochemistry. Examination of submicrometre aerosol chemical composition highlighted that the IGP outflow was dominated by organics (47 %–49 %), and marine/coastal air masses contained higher amounts of sulfate (41 %–47 %), while ammonium and nitrate were seen in minor amounts, with significant concentrations only during the IGP air mass periods. The diurnal pattern of sulfate resembled that of the RCT of rBC particles, whereas organic mass showed a pattern similar to that of the rBC mass concentration. Seasonally, the coating on BC showed a negative association with the mass concentration of sulfate during the pre-monsoon season and with organics during the post-monsoon season. These are the first experimental data on the mixing state of BC from a long time series over the Indian region and include new information on black carbon in the IGP outflow region. These data help in improving the understanding of regional BC microphysical characteristics and their climate implications.

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“…Viewed in this context, dominance of organics in the IGP outflow is not surprising. From their filter based chemical composition measurements over Bhubaneswar, Mahapatra et al, (2013b) have suggested that the sources of SO4 2were anthropogenic, crustal and marine, with the major contributor being the anthropogenic sources. So sulphate is possibly of mixed origin and present in significant proportions, more so during non-IGP airmass periods (SMS and PMS).…”

Section: Non-refractive Pm10 Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM1.0 chemical composition from the eastern coast of India

Kompalli¹,

Satheesh²,

Moorthy³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Over the Indian region, aerosol absorption is considered to have potential impact on regional climate, monsoon and hydrological cycle. Black carbon (BC) is the dominant absorbing aerosol, whose absorption potential is largely determined by its microphysical properties, including its concentration, size and mixing state with other aerosol components. The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is one of the regional aerosol hot spots with diverse sources, both natural and anthropogenic, but still 5 the information on the mixing state of the IGP aerosols, especially BC, is limited and a major source of uncertainty in understanding their climatic implications. In this context, we present the results from intensive measurements of refractory BC (rBC) carried out over Bhubaneswar, an urban site in the eastern coast of India, which experiences contrasting airmasses (the IGP outflow or coastal/marine airmasses) in different seasons. This study helps to elucidate the microphysical characteristics of BC over this region and delineates the IGP outflow from the other airmasses. The observations were carried 10 out as part of "South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions (SWAAMI)" collaborative field experiment during July 2016-May 2017, using a single particle soot photometer (SP2) that uses a laser-induced incandescence technique to measure the mass and mixing state of individual BC particles and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM). Results highlighted the distinctiveness in aerosol microphysical properties in the IGP airmasses. BC mass concentration was highest during winter (~1935 ± 1578 ng m -3 ), when the prevailing air masses were mostly of IGP origin, followed by post-monsoon 15 (mean ~1338 ± 1396 ng m -3 ). Mass median diameter (MMD) of the BC mass size distributions were in the range 0.190-0.195 µm suggesting mixed sources of BC, and further, higher values (~1.3-1.8) of bulk relative coating thickness (RCT) (ratio of optical and core diameters) were seen indicating a large fraction of highly coated BC aerosols in the IGP outflow.During the pre-monsoon, when marine/coastal airmasses prevailed, BC mass concentration was lowest (~816 ± 835 ng m -3 ) and larger BC cores (MMD > 0.210 µm) were seen suggesting distinct source processes, while RCT was ~1.2-1.3, which 20 may translate into higher extent of absolute coating on BC cores which may have important regional climate implications.During the summer monsoon, BC size distributions were dominated by smaller cores (MMD ≤ 0.185 µm) with lowest coating, indicating fresher BC, likely from fossil fuel sources. A clear diurnal variation pattern of BC and RCT was noticed in all the seasons, and day time peak in RCT suggested enhanced coating on BC due to the condensable coating material originated from photochemistry. Examination of sub-micron aerosol chemical composition highlighted that the IGP outflow 25 is dominated by organics (47-49%) and marine/coastal airmasses contained greater amounts of sulphate (41-47%), while ammonium and nitrate were seen in minor amounts with sig...

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Urban air-quality assessment and source apportionment studies for Bhubaneshwar, Odisha

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

New normal baseline data during nationwide lock down due to Covid 19 pandemic in the world’s largest ship recycling yard at Alang, India

New normal baseline data during nationwide lock down due to Covid 19 pandemic in the world’s largest ship recycling yard at Alang, India

Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM<sub>1.0</sub> chemical composition from the eastern coast of India

Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM1.0 chemical composition from the eastern coast of India

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Urban air-quality assessment and source apportionment studies for Bhubaneshwar, Odisha

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

New normal baseline data during nationwide lock down due to Covid 19 pandemic in the world’s largest ship recycling yard at Alang, India

New normal baseline data during nationwide lock down due to Covid 19 pandemic in the world’s largest ship recycling yard at Alang, India

Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM&lt;sub&gt;1.0&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition from the eastern coast of India

Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM1.0 chemical composition from the eastern coast of India

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Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM<sub>1.0</sub> chemical composition from the eastern coast of India