Urban air pollution worldwide

Bennett, B.G.; Kretzschmar, J.G.; Skland, Gerald G.; Koning, H. W. de

doi:10.1021/es00134a603

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The reliability of these methods has been checked in independent studies, and an intercomparison exercise was performed using one particular method as a reference point (Bennett et al, 1985 Table I provides the mean, median and standard deviation for the 50th and 95th percentiles of daily observations in our sample of cities for each of A few sites used nephelometric methods to measure suspended particles; i.e., they measured the light loss due to scattering when a light beam is passed through a sample of particle-laden air. This method gauges the mass of suspended particles, much as does the high volume gravimetric method.…”

Section: The Gems Data3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement

1991

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Section: The Gems Data3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement

1991

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“…Air quality management in both urban and suburban areas has become a major problem of our modern society over the past twenty years [e.g., Bennet et al , 1985]. Air pollution by aerosols has an impact on regional and global climates [e.g., Ramanathan et al , 2001; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control ( IPCC ), 2001; Léon et al , 2002; Sheridan et al , 2002] as well as on ecological equilibrium [e.g., Barker and Tingey , 1992] and population health [e.g., Jones , 1999; Harrison and Yin , 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of urban aerosol from airborne and ground‐based in situ measurements performed during the Etude et Simulation de la Qualité de l'air en Ile de France (ESQUIF) program

Chazette¹

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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International audienceUrban aerosol microphysical and optical properties were investigated over the Paris area coupling, for the first time, with dedicated airborne in situ instruments (nephelometer and particle sizers) and active remote sensor (lidar) as well as ground-based in situ instrumentation. The experiment, covering two representative pollution events, was conducted in the framework of the Etude et Simulation de la Qualité de l'air en Ile de France (ESQUIF) program. Pollution plumes were observed under local northerly and southerly synoptic wind conditions on 19 and 31 July 2000, respectively. The 19 July (31 July) event was characterized by north-northwesterly (westerly) advection of polluted (clean) air masses originating from Great Britain (the Atlantic Ocean). The aerosol number size distribution appeared to be composed mainly of two modes in the planetary boundary layer (accumulation and nucleation) and three modes in the surface layer (accumulation, nucleation, and coarse). The characteristics of the size distribution (modal radii and geometric dispersion) were remarkably similar on both days and very coherent with the aerosol optical parameters retrieved from lidar and nephelometer measurements. The city of Paris mainly produces aerosols in the nucleation mode (modal radius of Å`0.03 É m) that have little influence on the aerosol optical properties in the visible spectral range. The latter are largely dominated by the scattering properties of aerosols in the accumulation mode (modal radius of Å`0.12 É m). When the incoming air mass is already polluted (clear), the aerosol in the accumulation mode is shown to be essentially hydrophobic (hydrophilic) in the outgoing air mass

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“…In the lower troposphere anthropogenic aerosols have a significant impact on health and visibility [e.g., Bennet et al , 1985; Lurmann et al , 1997; Eleftheriadis et al , 1998] especially in the vicinity of large cities like Paris where aerosols may result both from direct emissions and from secondary formation. Their concentration and composition vary spatially and temporally because of numerous sources, meteorological conditions and aerosol dynamical processes, such as nucleation, condensation, evaporation, and coagulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of aerosol chemistry transport model simulations with lidar and Sun photometer observations at a site near Paris

et al. 2004

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[1] The ability of the aerosol chemistry transport model CHIMERE to simulate the vertical aerosol concentration profiles at a site near the city of Paris is evaluated using routine elastic backscatter lidar and Sun photometer measurements. The comparisons of model aerosols with measurements are carried out over a full year time period between October 2002 and September 2003. The methodology we propose here is new: From the model concentration outputs (optical properties varying with chemical composition and mass vertical distribution) we simulate the lidar backscattering profiles and compare them with the observed ones. The comparisons demonstrate the ability of the model to reproduce correctly the aerosol vertical distributions and their temporal variability. However, the aerosol load within the boundary layer is generally underestimated by the model, in particular during the afternoon hours and the summertime period. Several sensitivity tests indicate that this underestimation may have two origins: the lack of secondary organic and, to a lesser extent, mineral aerosols inside the model. The second deficiency is due to the absence of erosion/resuspension of soil material in the primary aerosol sources considered here; the first deficiency is probably due to incomplete knowledge about the formation of organic species in a photochemically active atmosphere. The results also show that the particles ranging from 0.08 to 1.25 mm in radius represent more than 89% of the volume backscattering at 532 nm, while the coarse particles are not efficient in terms of optical properties. The missing aerosol mass must therefore be found within the accumulation mode.

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Urban air pollution worldwide

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement

Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement

Optical properties of urban aerosol from airborne and ground‐based in situ measurements performed during the Etude et Simulation de la Qualité de l'air en Ile de France (ESQUIF) program

Comparison of aerosol chemistry transport model simulations with lidar and Sun photometer observations at a site near Paris

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