Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement

Grossman, Gene M.; Krueger, Alan B.

doi:10.3386/w3914

Cited by 4,677 publications

(3,752 citation statements)

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“…The downward sloping portion of the curve suggested the possibility of improving environmental conditions with increasing incomes. In the seminal paper of Grossman and Krueger (1991), this observation of a decoupling of economic growth and environmental degradation is explained by three distinct structural forces; expanding scale of economic activity (the scale effect), altering composition of economic activity (the composition effect), and changes in techniques of production (the technique effect). This distinction is carried through the literature by Kaufmann et al (1998), Torras and Boyce (1998) and Galeotti (2005) among others.…”

Section: The Jevons Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This distinction is carried through the literature by Kaufmann et al (1998), Torras and Boyce (1998) and Galeotti (2005) among others. 10 Also proposed was that if environmental amenity is a luxury good, then a rise in income will result in a higher demand for a clean environment through pressure for policy change, known as the income or luxury good effect (Grossman and Krueger, 1991;Kristrom and Riera, 1996).…”

Section: The Jevons Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, it was hypothesised by Grossman and Krueger (1991) and Radetzki (1992) that environmental quality is a luxury good. This terminology implies that demand for environmental amenity rises more than proportionally than demand for market commodities, which bear a cost of environmental dissamenity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

Vivanco

Freire‐González

Kemp

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The main objective of the thesis is to seek insights into the theory, and provide empirical evidence of rebound effects. Rebound effects reduce the environmental benefits of environmental policies and household behaviour changes. In particular, win-win demand side measures, in the form of energy efficiency and household consumption pattern changes, are seen as ways for households and businesses to save money and the environment. However, these savings have environmental impacts when spent, which are known as rebound effects. This is an area that has been widely neglected by policy makers.This work extends the rebound effect literature in three important ways, (1) it incorporates the potential for variation of rebound effects with household income level, (2) it enables the isolation of direct and indirect effects for cases of energy efficient technology adoption, and examines the relationship between these two component effects, and (3) it expands the scope of rebound effect analysis to include government taxes and subsidies. MACROBUTTON HTMLDirectUsing a case study approach it is found that the rebound effect from household consumption pattern changes targeted at electricity is between 5 and 10%. For consumption pattern changes with reduced vehicle fuel use, the rebound effect is in the order of 20 to 30%. Higher income households in general are found to have a lower total rebound effect; however the indirect effect becomes relatively more significant at higher household income levels. In the win-lose case of domestic photovoltaic electricity generation, it is demonstrated that negative rebound effects can occur, which can potentially amplify the environmental benefits of this action.The rebound effect from a carbon tax, which occurs due to the re-spending of raised revenues, was found to be in the range of 11-32%. Taxes and transfers between households of different income levels also have environmental implications. For example, a more progressive tax structure, with increased low income welfare payments is likely to increase greenhouse gas emissions. Subsidies aimed at encouraging environmentally friendly consumption habits are also subject to rebound effects, as they constitute a substitution of government expenditure for household expenditure. For policy makers, these findings point to the need to incorporate rebound effects in the environmental policy evaluation process.' KeywordsRebound effect, demand side management, direct rebound effect, indirect rebound effect, greenhouse gas emissions, CO 2 , household consumption patterns, efficiency, energy, conservation, natural resources. The energy and emissions produced at other stages of the production chain outside of the household scope. vi List of Tables and +/-is efficiency net effect minus the conservation net effect with negative values in parentheses). 66 Table 5.5: Rebound effects at mean and median total expenditure levels for separated fuel efficiency case (indirect reduction is the efficiency indirect rebound minus the conservation indir...

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Section: The Jevons Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Jevons Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

Vivanco

Freire‐González

Kemp

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In order to assess the relative magnitude of these influencing factors, a decomposition analysis method, as initially proposed by Grossman (Grossman, 1995;Grossman and Krueger, 1991), was adopted in this article. Grossman and Krueger (1991) first suggested the decomposition analysis method and apply it to environmental studies. They decomposed the change of pollutant emissions into three mechanisms: scale effect, composition effect, and technology effect.…”

Section: Decomposition Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors: Case evidence from Shandong Province, China

Wang

Lü

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Grossman and Krueger (1991) are the first who used the EKC concept in estimating the relationship between CO2 emission and economic growth. They demonstrated that income per capita may affect positively CO2 emission in linear form but its quadratic form has a negative impact on CO2 emission and they validated EKC assumptions.…”

Section: Introduction 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-run analysis of Environmental Kuznets Curve in the Middle East and North Africa

Zaied

Cheikh

Nguyên³

2017

Environmental Economics

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The main originality of this paper is to empirically investigate the long-run relationship between carbone dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy use and real GDP per capita in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) during the last three decades. Using panel cointegration tests Westerlund, (2007) and DOLS estimation method, we validate the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run for the MENA region countries. Therefore, we conclude that oil producer countries have adopted several policy decisions in favor of CO2 emissions reduction. The estimated turning point of the EKC confirms our intuitions that only oil producer countries achieve CO2 emissions reduction goal.

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Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement

Cited by 4,677 publications

References 3 publications

The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors: Case evidence from Shandong Province, China

Long-run analysis of Environmental Kuznets Curve in the Middle East and North Africa

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