Urban Agriculture as a Community Resilience Strategy  against Urban Food Insecurity

Salleh, Anizah Mohd; Harun, Nor Zalina; Halim, Sharina Abdul

doi:10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2047

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Some of the attractive qualities of agriculture in urban locations, such as increased food nutrition and higher crop yields, have stimulated global interest [39]. Agriculture in urban areas makes food more available, and accessible to urban residents, which reduces food instability, and promotes a sustainable food program [40].…”

Section: Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Environment Agriculture and Its Ability to Mitigate Food Insecurity

Garcia¹,

Griffith²,

Buss³

et al. 2023

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The research objective of this review is to discuss the rationale that led to the development of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and investigate this agricultural approach as a potential solution to mitigate the increased pressures on food security. It describes the need for urban cultivation systems using controlled environments and how they can be harnessed to address pressures facing food security. The factors that have contributed to the growth of CEAs, education, environmental justice, and the advantages and disadvantages of growing crops in CEAs in urban areas will be discussed. The article reviews global urban cultivation systems using controlled environments, by identifying the technologies needed to establish them. The practice of CEA is being increasingly adopted worldwide and we describe urban agriculture and compare it with traditional growing systems. Indoor farming systems that integrate into existing urban infrastructure such as vertical farming and plant factories using CEAs are discussed. Indoor farming gives urban areas enhanced access to food sources, but the cost is high, however decreasing due to recent technological advances. The current review extends the literature by incorporating recent research on the topic of agriculture in urban areas and food security. This review seeks to provide additional information regarding the viability of CEA in urban areas.

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Section: Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Environment Agriculture and Its Ability to Mitigate Food Insecurity

Garcia¹,

Griffith²,

Buss³

et al. 2023

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“…Third, consider the environmental plan. Sustainable urban agriculture also helps to save the urban environment, which is frequently a source of pollution owing to industrialization (Salleh, 2020).…”

Section: Urban Agriculture Development Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Agriculture Development in Medan City Towards Food Sovereignty

Nasution,

Indainanto,

Anshari

et al. 2022

jpr

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Medan has enormous potential for expanding urban agriculture for achieving food security. The primary issues in achieving the urban agricultural movement are consistency and cooperation. The goal of this essay is to show how the city of Medan's agricultural policies can boost food independence while also improving the economy. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research method with a literature review approach. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data visualization, and making conclusions. The findings indicate that urban agriculture plays an important role in community empowerment through the food self-sufficiency movement. The advantages can lead to new work prospects. It is critical to increasing cooperation between local governments and the community through policy protection and aid for the development of plant management expertise and harvest marketing distribution.

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“…Through accessibility, food availability, utilization, and stability, CEA is considered a sustainable food production system (Salleh et al, 2020) in urban areas (Jürkenbeck et al, 2019) in both developed and developing economies (Orsini, 2020). Urban areas provide ample opportunities for CEA crop production, including unused underground tunnels, basements, flat unused rooftops, vacant spaces in occupied buildings like atriums, empty, unoccupied spaces within buildings, warehouse spaces, strip malls, and shipping containers.…”

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confidence: 99%

GREENBOX Technology III - Financial Feasibility for Crop Production in Urban Settings

Singh,

Bravo-Ureta,

McAvoy

et al. 2023

Journal of the ASABE

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Highlights We proposed to use GREENBOX technology for urban crop production in warehouse settings. We assessed the profitability of the application of GREENBOX technology using Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA) to evaluate the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP). We conducted sensitivity analyses on NPV, IRR, and PP over different scenarios. GREENBOX was found financially feasible for all the hypothetical scenarios in major cities in the USA. Abstract. Food security pressure, especially in urban areas, continues to rise due to surging demand for food resulting from a growing population and declining resources. It has been critical to improve crop production and make food readily available to consumers without traveling long distances in an economically sustainable manner. The novel GREENBOX technology uses Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) principles for leafy green crop production in urban structures. A GREENBOX is an individual thermally insulated chamber with an artificial lighting source and a soilless cultivation system (hydroponics) in an environment that is controlled at the grower's discretion. This study performed a financial feasibility study of GREENBOX technology for urban crop production in various scenarios to evaluate the system's profitability from an individual business's perspective and used market prices of the goods and services paid for or received by a project. The representative GREENBOX unit in the base case scenario had dimensions of a standard shipping pallet (1.0 x 1.2 x 0.9 m, or 40 x 48 x 36 in) and included thermally insulated walls, an LED artificial lighting source, a camera for monitoring growth, a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic growth platform, and an environmental monitoring and control system. A warehouse can host numerous GREENBOX units for mass production. We carried out a benefit-cost analysis by assessing the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP). These parameters were evaluated for a base case scenario from data collected or estimated for a representative GREENBOX unit. We also applied the base case scenario to investigate the financial performance of the GREENBOX setup in selected urban areas in the United States; New York City (New York), Miami (Florida), Los Angeles (California), Dallas (Texas), Atlanta (Georgia), Chicago (Illinois), Boston (Massachusetts), and Philadelphia (Pennsylvania). We then carried out a sensitivity analysis on NPV, IRR, and PP by keeping all the parameters in the base case scenario invariant except for one at a time. We obtained a summary equation to understand the variation of the financial parameters with changing lettuce sale price, electricity cost, rental cost, labor cost, and the number of GREENBOX units. A GREENBOX unit would require an initial investment of $398 to assemble and an annual outflow of $157 to cover operating expenses. GREENBOX cultivation was financially viable in the base case scenario and in all the cities studied, with varying degrees of financial performance. The sensitivity analysis revealed that GREENBOX cultivation was financially viable in all scenarios except when skilled labor costs were beyond $19/hr, and there were fewer than 300 GREENBOX units. A statistically significant regression equation was derived in which rising rental costs, labor costs, and electricity prices negatively impacted the NPV, while the rising lettuce sales price and the number of GREENBOX units positively impacted the NPV. GREENBOX farming may serve as a local source of fresh crops for urban customers, with various benefits including improved food security, greater freshness and nutrition of food, the potential to contribute to the local economy by the creation of jobs and revenues from sales, and educational opportunities through extension programs on food nutrition and production. Keywords: Agricultural business, Environmental control, GREENBOX, Lettuce, Urban agriculture.

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Urban Agriculture as a Community Resilience Strategy against Urban Food Insecurity

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Controlled Environment Agriculture and Its Ability to Mitigate Food Insecurity

Controlled Environment Agriculture and Its Ability to Mitigate Food Insecurity

Urban Agriculture Development in Medan City Towards Food Sovereignty

GREENBOX Technology III - Financial Feasibility for Crop Production in Urban Settings

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