Uptake and fate of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in coastal marine biota determined using a stable isotopic tracer, 15N – [RDX]

Ballentine, Mark; Ariyarathna, Thivanka; Smith, Richard; Cooper, Christopher A.; Vlahos, Penny; Fallis, Stephen; Groshens, Thomas J.; Tobias, Craig R.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.038

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Marine algae accumulate dissolved TNT and RDX, and metabolize both to some extent (Cruz-Uribe et al, 2007;Ballentine et al, 2016), whereas TNT is metabolized in mussels but RDX and HMX are not (Rosen and Lotufo, 2007). Bioaccumulation of these MC from aqueous exposure and ingestion in benthic invertebrates and fish appears to be low, and depuration rates relatively high (half-life on the order of hours) (Belden et al, 2005;Lotufo and Lydy, 2005;Ownby et al, 2005;Rosen and Lotufo, 2007;Lotufo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread, Behavior, and Ecosystem Consequences of Conventional Munitions Compounds in Coastal Marine Waters

et al. 2018

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Coastal marine environments are contaminated globally with a vast quantity of unexploded ordnance and munitions from intentional disposal. These munitions contain organic explosive compounds as well as a variety of metals, and represent point sources of chemical pollution to marine waters. Most underwater munitions originate from World Wars at the beginning of the twentieth century, and metal munitions housings have been impacted by extensive corrosion over the course of the following decades. As a result, the risk of munitions-related contaminant release to the water column is increasing. The behavior of munitions compounds is well-characterized in terrestrial systems and groundwater, but is only poorly understood in marine systems. Organic explosive compounds, primarily nitroaromatics and nitramines, can be degraded or transformed by a variety of biotic and abiotic mechanisms. These reaction products exhibit a range in biogeochemical characteristics such as sorption by particles and sediments, and variable environmental behavior as a result. The reaction products often exhibit increased toxicity to biological receptors and geochemical controls like sorption can limit this exposure. Environmental samples typically show low concentrations of munitions compounds in water and sediments (on the order of ng/L and µg/kg, respectively), and ecological risk appears generally low. Nonetheless, recent work demonstrates the possibility of sub-lethal genetic and metabolic effects. This review evaluates the state of knowledge on the occurrence, fate, and effect of munition-related chemical contaminants in the marine environment. There remain a number of knowledge gaps that limit our understanding of munitions-related contaminant spread and effect, and the need for additional work is made all the more urgent by increasing risk of release to the environment.

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Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread, Behavior, and Ecosystem Consequences of Conventional Munitions Compounds in Coastal Marine Waters

et al. 2018

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“…. RDX does not seem to form a large fraction of derivatives compared to the concentration of parent MC, as TNT does in systems with sediments (Ballentine et al 2016;Smith et al 2013). With low concentrations of RDX primary derivatives in sediments, other transformation products form.…”

Section: Fate Of Tnt and Rdx In Marine Environments Determined Using mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass balance calculations using 15 N nitro-labeled MC has been completed in complex mesocosms (Smith et al 2015b;Ballentine et al 2016). The system consisted of two experimental aquaria connected to a common reservoir.…”

Section: Tracing the Fate Of Tnt Using A Stable Isotopic Tracermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and synthesis of evidence regarding environmental risks posed by munitions constituents (MC) in aquatic systems

Lotufo¹,

Chappell²,

Price³

et al. 2017

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Underwater military munitions (UWMM) may pose a risk to aquatic environments because they typically contain munitions constituents (MC) such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). If UWMM become corroded or breaches, the fill material may leak or dissolve into the surrounding environment, which could potentially adversely affecting affect the exposed biota. In large part, because of the high cost and complexity associated with sampling MC at UWMM sites, detailed and reliable information about MC in water, sediment, and biota is available for only a few sites, and therefore temporal and spatial uncertainties persist. Examination of available data indicates that concentrations of MC in water and sediment were largely below detection or were relatively low (e.g., parts per billion), with higher concentrations being highly localized and typically near a point source. These findings were in accordance with predictive modeling and with fate studies. Available toxicity data derived for a variety of freshwater and marine species were compiled and used to derive interim water quality criteria and protective values derived from species sensitivity distributions. Toxicity varied widely across a diversity of MC and species. For most aquatic sites, MC contamination in sediment and in the watercolumn presents low risk to the resident biota.

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“…Scientists from the People's Republic of China are conducting research on nitrogen uptake in rice paddies and increasing the gross nitrogen transformation ratio [11][12]. In the United States, the teachings use the isotope indication method to study its uptake and assess the retention of N15 in biota tissues [13]. In France, scientists studied the dynamics of the soil nitrogen and carbon cycle after the transformation of agricultural crops.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of leguminous crops of chickpeas and ways to increase the yield and quality of grain in the arid steppe of the Urals

Japarov

Nurgaliyeva

Gumarova

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The article discusses the data of field experiments on the cultivation of chickpea with the use of mineral fertilizers and biological products. Chickpea, for the dry steppe of the Ural region of Kazakhstan, is a good drought-resistant crop to ensure stable grain yields with a high protein content. Experiments in 2012-2014 showed that the yield of the crop was in the range from 0.78 t / ha in the control variant to 1.16 t / ha, where the strain H-27 was applied according to the background of the applied fertilizers N20P20. From the use of only one strains of the genus Rhizobium, the increase in yield, on average for the options, amounted to 0.17 t / ha (21.7%), according to the background of mineral fertilizers from 0.22 to 0.38 t / ha. In 2015-2017 the yield from the use of mineral fertilizers and microbial preparations increased by 0.74-1.12 t / ha, or by 22-51%. The increase from nitrogen fertilization is 8-12%, from microbial preparations - 6-12%. With the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer and Rhizoagrin or Flavobacterin preparations, the yield increased by almost 50%, as well as with the combined use of microbial preparations. An increase in the protein content of grain is associated with the use of nitrogen fertilization and the use of biological products for inoculating seeds, since these factors improve the nitrogen nutrition of plants.

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Uptake and fate of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in coastal marine biota determined using a stable isotopic tracer, 15N – [RDX]

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Spread, Behavior, and Ecosystem Consequences of Conventional Munitions Compounds in Coastal Marine Waters

Spread, Behavior, and Ecosystem Consequences of Conventional Munitions Compounds in Coastal Marine Waters

Review and synthesis of evidence regarding environmental risks posed by munitions constituents (MC) in aquatic systems

Cultivation of leguminous crops of chickpeas and ways to increase the yield and quality of grain in the arid steppe of the Urals

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