Cultivation of leguminous crops of chickpeas and ways to increase the yield and quality of grain in the arid steppe of the Urals

Abstract

The article discusses the data of field experiments on the cultivation of chickpea with the use of mineral fertilizers and biological products. Chickpea, for the dry steppe of the Ural region of Kazakhstan, is a good drought-resistant crop to ensure stable grain yields with a high protein content. Experiments in 2012-2014 showed that the yield of the crop was in the range from 0.78 t / ha in the control variant to 1.16 t / ha, where the strain H-27 was applied according to the background of the applied fertilizers N20P20. From the use of only one strains of the genus Rhizobium, the increase in yield, on average for the options, amounted to 0.17 t / ha (21.7%), according to the background of mineral fertilizers from 0.22 to 0.38 t / ha. In 2015-2017 the yield from the use of mineral fertilizers and microbial preparations increased by 0.74-1.12 t / ha, or by 22-51%. The increase from nitrogen fertilization is 8-12%, from microbial preparations - 6-12%. With the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer and Rhizoagrin or Flavobacterin preparations, the yield increased by almost 50%, as well as with the combined use of microbial preparations. An increase in the protein content of grain is associated with the use of nitrogen fertilization and the use of biological products for inoculating seeds, since these factors improve the nitrogen nutrition of plants.