Upstream Processing Equipment

Clapp, Kenneth P.; Castan, Andreas; Lindskog, Eva

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100623-8.00024-4

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…They are usually placed in a heated environment on a rack that slowly revolves (ranging between 5 and 240 revolutions/hour). They are inexpensive and are a common method used for the initial scale-up of adherent cells ( 42 ). The cells attach and cover the inner surface of the bottle; hence the cells are cyclically bathing in culture medium and exposed to gases.…”

Section: Small Scale Technologies–or Compact Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scale-Up Technologies for the Manufacture of Adherent Cells

et al. 2020

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Great importance is being given to the impact our food supply chain and consumers' food habits are having on the environment, human health, and animal welfare. One of the latest developments aiming at positively changing the food ecosystem is represented by cultured meat. This form of cellular agriculture has the objective to generate slaughter-free meat products starting from the cultivation of few cells harvested from the animal tissue of interest. As a consequence, a large number of cells has to be generated at a reasonable cost. Just to give an idea of the scale, there were billions of cells just in a bite of the first cultured-meat burger. Thus, one of the major challenges faced by the scientists involved in this new ambitious and fascinating field, is how to efficiently scale-up cell manufacture. Considering the great potential presented by cultured meat, audiences from different backgrounds are very interested in this topic and eager to be informed of the challenges and possible solutions in this area. In light of this, we will provide an overview of the main existing bioprocessing technologies used to scale-up adherent cells at a small and large scale. Thus, giving a brief technical description of these bioprocesses, with the main associated advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, we will introduce an alternative solution we believe has the potential to revolutionize the way adherent cells are grown, helping cultured meat become a reality.

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Section: Small Scale Technologies–or Compact Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like static flasks, rotating flasks are also labor intensive. For high cell numbers, a further constraint of a roller bottle process through scaling-out is the limitation in the control of O 2 and CO 2 in both the gas and the liquid phase of culture ( 39 , 42 ).…”

Section: Small Scale Technologies–or Compact Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-Up Technologies for the Manufacture of Adherent Cells

et al. 2020

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“…While in the chemical industry, for example, a ratio of 1:1 is typical, a ratio of 2:1 is preferred for cell culture bioreactors at laboratory and pilot scales. For microbial systems, values of 3:1 dominate since this leads to longer residence times for supplied gases, such as air or oxygen, and better temperature control due to the larger surface to volume ratio (Menkel 1992;Jossen et al 2017;Clapp et al 2018). Nevertheless, as bioreactor size increases, H/D ratios of 5:1 (Chisti 2006) and up to 6:1 (Najafpour 2015) can also be…”

Section: Main Components Of Stirred Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in contrast to topdriven systems, the sealing elements are exposed to chemical, biological, and abrasive loads (Menkel 1992;Jagani et al 2010), which result in increased periodic maintenance and shorter replacement intervals (EKATO Holding GmbH 2012). Agitators are mostly arranged centrically in both topand bottom-driven systems (Jagani et al 2010;Clapp et al 2018). It should be noted that in order to avoid vortex formation and to ensure proper mixing, drives can also be installed eccentrically or mounted at an angle so that baffles can be avoided (Penicot et al 1998;Assirelli et al 2008;Jagani et al 2010;Clapp et al 2018).…”

Section: Drive Systems and Seals Commonly Used In Biotechnological Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of drive systems and sealing types in stirred bioreactors used in biotechnological processes

Schirmer

Maschke

Pörtner

et al. 2021

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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No matter the scale, stirred tank bioreactors are the most commonly used systems in biotechnological production processes. Single-use and reusable systems are supplied by several manufacturers. The type, size, and number of impellers used in these systems have a significant influence on the characteristics and designs of bioreactors. Depending on the desired application, classic shaft-driven systems, bearing-mounted drives, or stirring elements that levitate freely in the vessel may be employed. In systems with drive shafts, process hygiene requirements also affect the type of seal used. For sensitive processes with high hygienic requirements, magnetic-driven stirring systems, which have been the focus of much research in recent years, are recommended. This review provides the reader with an overview of the most common agitation and seal types implemented in stirred bioreactor systems, highlights their advantages and disadvantages, and explains their possible fields of application. Special attention is paid to the development of magnetically driven agitators, which are widely used in reusable systems and are also becoming more and more important in their single-use counterparts.Key Points• Basic design of the most frequently used bioreactor type: the stirred tank bioreactor• Differences in most common seal types in stirred systems and fields of application• Comprehensive overview of commercially available bioreactor seal types• Increased use of magnetically driven agitation systems in single-use bioreactors

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“…Many well-known manufacturers offer standard stainless steel systems with volumes from 2 to 1000 L, whereby larger systems with several cubic meters are also available according to customer specifications. The smaller scale glass bioreactors are used in research and process development [8]. The single-use systems, depending on their size, are either available as flexible bags or rigid vessels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Engineering and Biological Characterization of Stirred Tank Bioreactors

Schirmer¹,

Nußbaumer²,

Schöb³

et al. 2018

Biopharmaceuticals

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Stirred tank bioreactors are still the predominant cultivation systems in large scale biopharmaceutical production. Today, several manufacturers provide both reusable and single-use systems, whereas the broad variety of designs and properties lead to deviations in biological performance. Although the methods for bioreactor characterization are well established, varying experimental conditions and procedures can result in significantly different outcomes. In order to guarantee a reliable comparison and evaluation of different single-use and reusable bioreactor types, standardized methods for their characterization are needed. Equally important is the biological capability of bioreactors, which must be accessed by standardized cultivation procedures of industrially relevant organisms (bacteria, yeasts as well as mammalian and animal cell cultures). In addition, the implementation of well-defined uniform procedures for biological and engineering characterization during the development phase can support a fast assessment of the suitability of a bioreactor system. Based on stirred bioreactors, we describe the aspects of the engineering characterization in order to discuss further the biological characterization as a valuable complement. Finally, a case study is presented.

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Upstream Processing Equipment

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Scale-Up Technologies for the Manufacture of Adherent Cells

Scale-Up Technologies for the Manufacture of Adherent Cells

An overview of drive systems and sealing types in stirred bioreactors used in biotechnological processes

Development, Engineering and Biological Characterization of Stirred Tank Bioreactors

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