Upshot of unified power flow controller on the minimization of the severity of overloading on electric power grid

Impact of the UPFC on the optimal transmission switching for cutting down market power cost

“…According to them, an FVSI less than 1.00 suggests that the grid is in a stable operating condition, whereas an FVSI greater than 1.00 shows that the system is unstable. At the initial stage, before compensation with the UPFC, the voltages at buses 𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖𝑎𝑎 𝑗𝑗 are 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 = |𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖|∠𝛿𝛿𝑖𝑖 and 𝑉𝑉𝑗𝑗 = |𝑉𝑉𝑗𝑗|∠𝛿𝛿𝑗𝑗 respectively; the apparent power at the bus 𝑗𝑗 is represented by 𝑆𝑆𝑗𝑗 = 𝑃𝑃𝑗𝑗+ 𝑗𝑗𝑄𝑄𝑗𝑗 and 𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 = 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 + 𝑗𝑗𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 is the impedance of the transmission line [15]. With this information, the study in [15] has been able to show that…”

“…With the rise in the number of actual installations of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) controllers in the EPG as listed in the work of [9]; and studies carried out on them where they have yielded positive results in available transfer capacity (ATC) enhancement [10,11], transmission line loss reduction [12], voltage regulation improvement [13], optimal generation [14], reduction of severity of overloading [15], and power flow control [9] to name but a few, it is likely that their presence in the EPG will have an effect when OTS is used in the mitigation of market power of gencos by the SO. One study that related FACTS devices with market power is [16]; where a thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and a thyristor-controlled phase angle regulator (TCPAR) were used in steady-state operation.…”

“…This is the focus of this study. The UPFC, which has the capability of controlling power flow by controlling the real and reactive power and which provides fast reactive compensation [17], is chosen for this study and modeled as a combination of a Static Var Compensator (SVC) and a TCSC [15] and [21].…”

Challenges and opportunities of FACTS devices interacting with electric vehicles in distribution networks: A technological review

“…An innovative hybrid differential evolution-grey wolf optimizer (DE-GWO) is used to update the specifications of regulators [165]. The overloading index (OVI) presented in this work can be utilized to find the crucial line in a PS where the UPFC can be put to reduce the SOL during emergencies [166]. A non-linear state approach of UPFC is built in this study by adding VSC output voltage components, source impedance effects, and energy variance in the passive parts.…”