Upscaling of integrated photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices to large areas

Turan, Bugra; Becker, Jan‐Philipp; Urbain, Félix; Finger, F.; Rau, Uwe; Haas, Sabine

doi:10.1038/ncomms12681

Cited by 111 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The 3 D structure of the applied Ni foam offered a higher active surface area compared with the flat foil, which should be conducive to better HER catalysis of the photocathode. This has been shown elsewhere, and was confirmed herein by the j–V measurement presented in Figure S8 (Supporting Information), proving a shift of the onset potential for the cathodic current density in the anodic direction as well as the steeper slope in the j – V characteristics of the Ni foam compared with a Ni foil electrode. These results were reflected in the linear sweep curves shown in Figure , as the fill factor of the photocathode (filtered) increased significantly, indicating enhanced kinetics of the HER.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Multilayered Hematite Nanowires with Thin‐Film Silicon Photovoltaics in an All‐Earth‐Abundant Hybrid Tandem Device for Solar Water Splitting

et al. 2019

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The concept of hybrid tandem device structures that combine metal oxides with thin‐film semiconducting photoabsorbers holds great promise for large‐scale, robust, and cost‐effective bias‐free photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC‐WS). This work highlights important steps toward the efficient coupling of high‐performance hematite photoanodes with multijunction thin‐film silicon photocathodes providing high bias‐free photocurrent density. The hybrid PEC‐WS device is optimized by testing three types of multijunction silicon photocathodes with the hematite photoanode: amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) tandem: a‐Si:H/a‐Si:H and triple junction with microcrystalline silicon (μc‐Si:H): a‐Si:H/a‐Si:H/μc‐Si:H and a‐Si:H/μc‐Si:H/μc‐Si:H. The results provide evidence that the multijunction structures offer high flexibility for hybrid tandem devices with regard to tunable photovoltages and spectral matching. Furthermore, both photoanode and photocathode are tested under various electrolyte and light concentration conditions, respectively, with respect to their photoelectrochemical performance and stability. A 27 % enhancement in the solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency is observed upon concentrating light from 100 to 300 mW cm−2. Ultimately, bias‐free water splitting is demonstrated, with a photocurrent density of 4.6 mA cm−2 (under concentrated illumination) paired with excellent operation stability for more than 24 h of the all‐earth‐abundant and low‐cost hematite/silicon tandem PEC‐WS device.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Multilayered Hematite Nanowires with Thin‐Film Silicon Photovoltaics in an All‐Earth‐Abundant Hybrid Tandem Device for Solar Water Splitting

et al. 2019

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“…In recent years, well‐developed PVs with high solar energy‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency, PVA systems for water splitting and CO 2 conversion were extensively studied . Some highly efficient PVA system were developed for solar water splitting and CO 2 reduction with solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion efficiencies in excess of 10 % .…”

Section: Strategies For Efficient Solar‐fuel Production In Photovoltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Efficient Charge Separation and Transfer in Artificial Photosynthesis of Solar Fuels

Yao

et al. 2017

ChemSusChem

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Converting sunlight to solar fuels by artificial photosynthesis is an innovative science and technology for renewable energy. Light harvesting, photogenerated charge separation and transfer (CST), and catalytic reactions are the three primary steps in the processes involved in the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy (SE‐CE). Among the processes, CST is the key “energy pump and delivery” step in determining the overall solar‐energy conversion efficiency. Efficient CST is always high priority in designing and assembling artificial photosynthesis systems for solar‐fuel production. This Review not only introduces the fundamental strategies for CST but also the combinatory application of these strategies to five types of the most‐investigated semiconductor‐based artificial photosynthesis systems: particulate, Z‐scheme, hybrid, photoelectrochemical, and photovoltaics‐assisted systems. We show that artificial photosynthesis systems with high SE‐CE efficiency can be rationally designed and constructed through combinatory application of these strategies, setting a promising blueprint for the future of solar fuels.

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“…This last approach is usually driven by crystal strain‐relief processes; it simplifies the postgrowth device processing but does not offer large degrees of freedom, while keeping a crystal quality compatible with operating devices. The need for a scalable PEC device, in view of its very large‐scale integration was also pointed out . In this regard, GaP presents several advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stress‐Free and Textured GaP Template on Silicon for Solar Water Splitting

Lucci

Charbonnier

Vallet

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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This work shows that a large-scale textured GaP template monolithically integrated on Si can be developed by using surface energy engineering, for watersplitting applications. The stability of (114)A facets is first shown, based on scanning tunneling microscopy images, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. These observations are then discussed in terms of thermodynamics through density functional theory calculations. A stressfree nanopatterned surface is obtained by molecular beam epitaxy, composed of a regular array of GaP (114)A facets over a 2 in. vicinal Si substrate. The advantages of such textured (114)A GaP/Si template in terms of surface gain, band lineups, and ohmic contacts for water-splitting applications are finally discussed.photosemiconductor catalysts [4,5] is definitely the most promising tech nology for the near future with potentially plethora of hydrogen provided in a clean and sustainable manner. Many recent proposals deal with the use of the GaP semiconductor as a photoelectrode in PEC devices, [6] especially because its bandgap (2.26 eV) is larger than the 1.73 eV photo potential needed for water splitting. [7] Using this idea, demonstrations of GaP based PEC devices [8][9][10][11] and descriptions of the physics/chemistry of the standard GaP surface, [12] its interaction with water [13,14] and hydrogen generation [15] were reported. To enhance conversion efficiency of GaP based PEC devices, strategies like surface functionalization, [10] use of plasmon resonant nanostructures, [16] or integration of nanowires [17] were considered. Meanwhile, it was demonstrated recently that the texturation of surfaces at the electrode level greatly enhances the efficiency of BiVO 4 photoanodes in PEC devices. [18] Structuration of semiconductor surfaces can be per formed by lithography techniques, [19] chemical processes, [20,21] nanowires, or by a selforganization during the epitaxial process of the material itself. [22] This last approach is usually driven by crystal strainrelief processes; it simplifies the postgrowth device processing but does not offer large degrees of freedom,

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Upscaling of integrated photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices to large areas

Cited by 111 publications

References 66 publications

Multilayered Hematite Nanowires with Thin‐Film Silicon Photovoltaics in an All‐Earth‐Abundant Hybrid Tandem Device for Solar Water Splitting

Multilayered Hematite Nanowires with Thin‐Film Silicon Photovoltaics in an All‐Earth‐Abundant Hybrid Tandem Device for Solar Water Splitting

Strategies for Efficient Charge Separation and Transfer in Artificial Photosynthesis of Solar Fuels

A Stress‐Free and Textured GaP Template on Silicon for Solar Water Splitting

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