Ups and downs on spreading flanks of ocean-island volcanoes: Evidence from Mauna Loa and Kīlauea

Lipman, Peter W.; Eakins, Barry W.; Yokose, Hisayoshi

doi:10.1130/g19745.1

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The porosity of lava fragments approximates their vesicularity. Glass compositions of five pillow rinds were measured by EPMA (JEOL 8900R) at the USGS in Menlo Park, California (Lipman et al 2003, analyses in data repository).…”

Section: Bulk Chemistry Density and Vesicularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geometry of the South Kona slide assumed is also consistent with the distribution area of debris-avalanche matrix discussed in the next section. Another alternative is that the abundant hyaloclastite observed during the Tiburon dives represents sediment ponded in a deepening basin behind the mid-slope bench and scarp, later exposed in cross-section along the southern break-away scarp of the Alika-2 debris avalanche (Lipman et al 2003).…”

Section: Reconstruction Of the South Kona Slide Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Garcia and Davis 2001;Morgan and Clague 2003;Lipman et al 2003). Contrasting interpretations for the pre-slump internal structure of the bench area are the pillow-lava model of Garcia and Davis (2001) and the fragmental-lava model of .…”

Section: South Kona Benchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko

Yokose

Lipman

2004

Bull Volcanol

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Emplacement of a giant submarine slide complex, offshore of South Kona, Hawaii Island, was investigated in 2001 by visual observation and in-situ sampling on the bench scarp and a megablock, during two dives utilizing the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Kaiko and its mother ship R/V Kairei. Topography of the bench scarp and megablocks were defined in 3-D perspective, using high-resolution digital bathymetric data acquired during the cruise. Compositions of 34 rock samples provide constraints on the landslide source regions and emplacement mechanisms. The bench scarp consists mainly of highly fractured, vesiculated, and oxidized a'a lavas that slumped from the subaerial flank of ancestral Mauna Loa. The megablock contains three units: block facies, matrix facies, and draped sediment. The block facies contains hyaloclastite interbedded with massive lava, which slid from the shallow submarine flank of ancestral Mauna Loa, as indicated by glassy groundmass of the hyaloclastite, low oxidation state, and low sulfur content. The matrix facies, which directly overlies the block facies and is similar to a lahar deposit, is thought to have been deposited from the water column immediately after the South Kona slide event. The draped sediment is a thin high-density turbidite layer that may be a distal facies of the Alika-2 debris-avalanche deposit; its composition overlaps with rocks from subaerial Mauna Loa. The deposits generated by the South Kona slide vary from debris avalanche deposit to turbidite. Spatial distribution of the deposits is consistent with deposits related to large landslides adjacent to other Hawaiian volcanoes and the Canary Islands.

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Section: Bulk Chemistry Density and Vesicularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reconstruction Of the South Kona Slide Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko

Yokose

Lipman

2004

Bull Volcanol

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“…2), lasting for ~250,000 to 300,000 years (Guillou et al, 1997) and producing alkalic magmas (Moore et al, 1982;Garcia et al, 1995). Although only observed at Lō`ihi and possibly Kīlauea (Lipman et al 2003), this stage is thought to be at the core of all Hawaiian volcanoes (e.g., Clague and Dalrymple, 1987). As the volcano moves closer to the center of the hotspot and its source experiences higher temperatures and degrees of partially melting, the magma composition switches to tholeiitic .…”

Section: Hawaiian Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, geochemistry and earthquake history of Lṑihi Seamount, Hawaìi's youngest volcano

et al. 2006

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A half century of investigations are summarized here on the youngest Hawaiian volcano, Lō`ihi Seamount. It was discovered in 1952 following an earthquake swarm. Surveying in 1954 determined it has an elongate shape, which is the meaning of its Hawaiian name. Lō`ihi was mostly forgotten until two earthquake swarms in the 1970's led to a dredging expedition in 1978, which recovered young lavas. This led to numerous expeditions to investigate the geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of this active volcano. Geophysical monitoring, including a realtime submarine observatory that continuously monitored Lō`ihi's seismic activity for three months, captured some of the volcano's earthquake swarms. The 1996 swarm, the largest recorded in Hawai`i, was preceded by at least one eruption and accompanied by the formation of a ~300-m deep pit crater, renewing interest in this submarine volcano. Seismic and petrologic data indicate that magma was stored in a ~8-9 km deep reservoir prior to the 1996 eruption.Studies on Lō`ihi have altered conceptual models for the growth of Hawaiian and other oceanic island volcanoes and led to a refined understanding of mantle plumes. Petrologic and geochemical studies of Lō`ihi lavas showed that the volcano taps a relatively primitive part of the Hawaiian plume, producing a wide range of magma compositions. These compositions have become progressively more silica-saturated with time reflecting higher degrees of partial melting as the volcano drifts towards the center of the hotspot. Seismic and bathymetric data have highlighted the importance of landsliding in the early formation of an ocean island volcano.Lō`ihi's internal structure and eruptive behavior, however, cannot be fully understood without installing monitoring equipment directly on the volcano.

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“…The preshield stage lasts ~250,000 to 300,000 years (Guillou et al 1997) and is distinct from the shield in producing alkalic magmas (i.e., magmas containing a relatively high percentage of sodium and potassium alkali) (Moore et al 1982;Garcia et al 1995). Although observed only at Lō`ihi and possibly Kīlauea volcanoes (Lipman et al 2003), this stage is thought to be at the core of all Hawaiian volcanoes . Loihi Seamount, the youngest volcano in the Hawaiian chain, rises more than 3000 meters above the floor of the Pacific Ocean and is located approximately 40 km south of Kīlauea.…”

Section: Age and Evolution Of Hawaiian Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Geomorphology of Coral Reefs in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Rooney

Wessel

Hoeke

et al.

Coral Reefs of the USA

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Ups and downs on spreading flanks of ocean-island volcanoes: Evidence from Mauna Loa and Kīlauea

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko

Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko

Geology, geochemistry and earthquake history of Lṑihi Seamount, Hawaìi's youngest volcano

Geology and Geomorphology of Coral Reefs in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

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