Upper aerodigestive tract frostbite complicating volatile substance abuse

Oral thermal injury associated with puncture of a salbutamol metered‐dose inhaler in a dog

“…5 These injuries tend to be slow in onset with the severity of tissue injury taking days to reach its peak. 9 This reported slow onset of inflammation was likely the reason why oral swelling was not seen in the initial oral examination or at the time of representation of the dog described in the current report. Another possibility could include the fact that the swelling was along the caudal aspect of the soft palate and, therefore, may not have been appreciated on physical examination.…”

“…However, oral thermal injury in association with puncture of the salbutamol inhaler compressed gas cartridge, resulting in airway obstruction requiring management with temporary tracheostomy, has not been previously reported in dogs. There are few documented cases of inhaler‐associated cold thermal injury in people . The majority of the cases reported in human medicine have been self‐inflicted traumatic cases .…”

“…Cold thermal injuries tend to have less protein denaturization compared to heat burns and the dermal collagen is preserved; as such, they produce less scarring and can be managed conservatively . These injuries tend to be slow in onset with the severity of tissue injury taking days to reach its peak . This reported slow onset of inflammation was likely the reason why oral swelling was not seen in the initial oral examination or at the time of representation of the dog described in the current report.…”

“…There are few documented cases of inhaler-associated cold thermal injury in people. [4][5][6][7][8][9] The majority of the cases reported in human medicine have been self-inflicted traumatic cases. [4][5][6]10 There have also been reports of burns in people associated with other types of aerosol sprays such as deodorants and a toilet air freshener.…”

Oral Frostbite Due to Dry Ice

“…Some reports have described oral frostbite caused by cryogens such as nitrous oxide, fluorinated hydrocarbon, liquid nitrogen, and ice cubes. [4][5][6][7][8] Therefore, the characteristics of oral frostbite are not well described, and the treatments thereof are provisional. In particular, no reports have described oral frostbite due to dry ice.…”