UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Plasma Metabolomics to Evaluate the Effects of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Blood Stasis in Rats

Abstract

Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a novel compound that is formed from the esterification of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) and eugenol. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AEE on blood stasis in rats and to characterize the underlying mechanisms using a plasma metabolomic study. The results indicate that AEE and ASA could modulate whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), blood coagulation parameters, platelet count, platelet aggregation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (CR) and the levels of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α). The metabolic profiles of the plasma samples from all groups were clearly separated in the score plots. Nineteen potential metabolites were selected and identified, and disordered levels of these metabolites could be regulated by AEE and ASA. Pathway analysis showed that the mechanism of action of AEE on blood stasis might be principally related to the metabolism of amino acid, fatty acid, energy and glycerophospholipid. The above results indicate that AEE protected the rats against blood stasis, and that this effect might have been caused by the anticoagulation activity of AEE and its abilities to maintain a balance between TXA2 and PGI2, reduce blood viscosity, inhibit platelet aggregation and normalize the plasma metabolic profile.

Deciphering the Active Compounds and Mechanisms of Qixuehe Capsule on Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Syndrome: A Network Pharmacology Study

“…In terms of PCA and PLS-DA, after the preadministration of QXH, the same parameters in the QS-BSS model were close to those in the control and CDDP groups, also indicating that QXH has significant pharmacodynamic effect on QS-BSS. All of the above results were consistent with those of previous studies [63][64][65]. Hence, QXH, through promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in treating QS-BSS, gives us a glance at TCM compound formula in the treatment of the disease with a variety of pathogenesis by the synergy of various herbal medicines.…”

The Protective Effect of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Paraquat-Induced Acute Liver Injury Rats

“…Glycerophospholipid metabolites, including PC and LysoPE are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling (57)(58)(59). A previous study suggested that various PCs and LysoPEs were significantly increased in rat acute blood stasis model and AEE could significantly inhibit the increase of PC and LysoPE (39). AEE increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum level and decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum level in hyperlipidemia model induced by high-fat diet.…”

“…At the same time, AEE can attenuate thrombus induced with high-fat diet in rats by regulating platelet aggregation, hemorheology, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α, and blood biochemistry (38). With further study, a rat model of blood stasis was established and it was observed that AEE could alleviate the symptoms of blood stasis in rats (39). It was also found that AEE can inhibit agonistinduced platelet aggregation in rats by regulating PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Sirt1/CD40L signal pathways (35).…”

Combined Lipidomics and Network Pharmacology Study of Protective Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza against Blood Stasis Syndrome

“…The significantly increased levels of PCs in the model rats suggested an imbalance in the arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. The metabolites in these two metabolic pathways contributed to platelet aggregation and inflammation, which are closely related to blood stasis [ 30 ]. LPC and LPE are products of PC and PE, respectively, which are structural components of animal cell membranes.…”