UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of the herb composition of Tangshen formula and the in vivo pharmacokinetics of its metabolites in rat plasma

Abstract

Introduction Tangshen formula (TSF) is a traditional Chinese medicine composed of seven medicinal herbs including Astragalus membranaceus, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, Citrus aurantium L., etc. which is used to treat diabetic nephropathy III, IV qi and yin deficiency and stasis syndrome. Most of the studies on TSF are pharmacological and pharmacodynamic experiments. There are few basic studies on its chemical substances, and the effective constituents are not clear. Objective To analyse the main chemical components of TSF and the absorbed components in rat plasma following oral administration based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Moreover, providing a rapid and valid analytical strategy for simultaneous determination of six components in rat plasma and use it in pharmacokinetic studies. Results A total of 132 components were identified in TSF, and 44 components were identified in rat plasma after oral TSF, 35 of which were prototype components and nine were metabolic components. A sensitive and reliable LC–MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of six components in rat plasma. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 15%; the accuracy of low, medium and high concentrations ranged from 80% to 120%. The recovery met the requirements and the RSD of the recoveries was less than 15%. Conclusion A total of 132 components were identified in TSF. The LC–MS/MS quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of morroniside, loganin, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside IV in rat plasma was established for the first time. The pharmacokinetic parameters are clarified, which can guide the clinical medication of TSF.

Mass Spectrometric Identification of Metabolites after Magnetic-Pulse Treatment of Infected Pyrus communis L. Microplants

“…Under FAB-MS ionization conditions and negative polarity, [M-1] − molecular anions have been detected [19] 2) is capable of determining species in the mixture, assessing the intensity of the peak at m/z 184 and quantifying the fluctuations in MS measurands [20][21][22]. Under ESI-MS conditions and negative or positive operation modes, aucubin reveals [M-H] − or [M+H] + ions at m/z 345 [23,24] or 347 [25]. The MS peak at m/z 405 can be assigned to the ).…”

“…The intramolecular rearrangement of Y 0 − anions yields MS peaks at m/z 139 and 97 (Figure S18). MS identification in Globularia alypum L. and related species [29,30], Cibotii rhizoma [31], Verbascum speciosum [32], Pedicularis L. [24], Veronica persica [26], Plantago species [13,33] has been carried out. The analyte tends to stabilize adducts of ammonium or alkali metal cations, in addition to carboxylic acid ones.…”

“…A negative operation MS mode is mainly used to quantify CA in foodstuffs. However, isomers of 3-O-, 4-O-, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid show virtually identical m/z values of ions at m/z 353 (or 354 of [M] − anion), 191, 179, 173 and 135, respectively [24,25,28,31,33,38,39]. Fragmentation reactions of [M+H] + cations yield ions at m/z 337.1070, 181.0567, 163.0452, 135.0497, and 145.0337, respectively [49].…”

“…x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 29 [24,25,28,31,33,38,39]. Fragmentation reactions of [M+H] + cations yield ions at m/z 337.1070, 181.0567, 163.0452, 135.0497, and 145.0337, respectively [49].…”

Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds in attenuating renal injury via regulating autophagy in diabetic kidney disease

“…Tangshen Formula (TSF), a Chinese herb compound preparation, significantly extenuated proteinuria and improved the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among DKD patients in a multicenter double-blind randomized placebocontrolled trial (145). TSF had six components in rat plasma, including astragaloside IV, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, loganin, and morroniside (146). Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger (PLZF) was dispensable for ILC3 development (147).…”