Upgraded role of autophagy in colorectal carcinomas

Koustas, Evangelos; Sarantis, Panagiotis; Papavassiliou, A. G.; Karamouzis, Michalis V.

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v10.i11.367

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Autophagy is an essential contributor to multiple physiological and pathophysiological reactions, such as cellular viability and apoptosis (28,29). Emerging evidence has suggested that autophagy is essential for malignant progression (30)(31)(32)(33). In the present study, RV treatment upregulated the protein expression of Beclin 1 and LC3-II, and downregulated p62 expression levels in B16-F10 cells, demonstrating that RV may promote autophagy in melanoma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Resveratrol suppresses melanoma growth by promoting autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Gong¹,

Xia²

2019

Exp Ther Med

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Resveratrol (RV) is a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin derived from peanuts, red grape skins and red wine, and has been demonstrated to alleviate multiple types of malignancies. However, how RV achieves this in melanoma is unknown. The aim of present study was to investigate the role of RV in melanoma, using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. RV inhibited melanoma cell viability, migration and invasion counteracting melanoma progression. In addition, proteins associated with autophagy, including Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II/I, were upregulated, whereas p62 expression was downregulated in RV-treated cells. The number of LC3 + puncta, which can be applied to represent autophagosome formation, increased following RV treatment, suggesting that RV may trigger autophagy in melanoma cells. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, reversed the RV-dependent inhibition of viability, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. RV treatment also reduced the ratios of phosphorylated (p)-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR in melanoma cells. In conclusion, these findings suggested that RV may inhibit the viability and migration of melanoma cells through inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway, thus triggering autophagy. This indicated that RV may serve as an innovative therapeutic for melanoma treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Resveratrol suppresses melanoma growth by promoting autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Gong¹,

Xia²

2019

Exp Ther Med

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“…It was proved that the machinery of autophagy is responsible for changing the microenvironment of tumor cells. The pro-oncogenic factors are released such as pro-inflammatory molecules and/or pro-angiogenic molecules, and their role is based on the support of the tumor growth and progression [30]. Autophagy may be responsible for resistance of cancer cells to many chemotherapeutic agents (i.e., trastuzumab, paclitaxel, epirubicin) [31], and it can be seen as an attractive target for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer, where almost 20% of them develop metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Novel 7-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[4,5-b][1,2,4]triazine Sulfonamide Derivatives on Apoptosis and Autophagy in DLD-1 and HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells

Gornowicz

Szymanowska

Bielawski

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The discovery of cytotoxic drugs is focused on designing a compound structure that directly affects cancer cells without an impact on normal cells. The mechanism of anticancer activity is mainly related with activation of apoptosis. However, recent scientific reports show that autophagy also plays a crucial role in cancer cell progression. Thus, the objective of this study was to synthesize 7-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[4,5-b][1,2,4]triazine utilizing nucleophilic substitution reaction at the position N1. The biological activity of tested compounds was assessed in DLD-1 and HT-29 cell lines. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V binding assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-8 activity was estimated using cytometer flow analysis. The concentration of p53, LC3A, LC3B and beclin-1 was measured using the ELISA technique. Our study revealed that anticancer activity of 7-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[4,5-b][1,2,4]triazine derivatives is related with initiation of apoptosis occur on the intrinsic pathway with mitochondrial membrane decrease and extrinsic with increase of activity of caspase-8. Moreover, a decrease in beclin-1, LC3A, and LC3B were observed in two cell lines after treatment with novel compounds. This study showed that novel 7-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[4,5-b][1,2,4]triazine derivatives might be a potential strategy in colon cancer treatment.

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“…In addition, KRAS , an essential oncogene in CRC development, is strongly associated with autophagy [21]. Cancer cells of KRAS -dependent tumors use autophagy in order to support the growth of cancer cells under stressful conditions in hypoxic regions of tumors [8]. All these studies highlight the dual role of autophagy as a tumor promoter or tumor suppressor mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay of Autophagy and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer—Ways of Enhancing Immunotherapy Action

Koustas

Sarantis

Kyriakopoulou

et al. 2019

Cancers

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Autophagy as a primary homeostatic and catabolic process is responsible for the degradation and recycling of proteins and cellular components. The mechanism of autophagy has a crucial role in several cellular functions and its dysregulation is associated with tumorigenesis, tumor–stroma interactions, and resistance to cancer therapy. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is also a key regulator of the tumor microenvironment and cellular immune response in different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, autophagy is responsible for initiating the immune response especially when it precedes cell death. However, the role of autophagy in CRC and the tumor microenvironment remains controversial. In this review, we identify the role of autophagy in tumor microenvironment regulation and the specific mechanism by which autophagy is implicated in immune responses during CRC tumorigenesis and the context of anticancer therapy.

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Upgraded role of autophagy in colorectal carcinomas

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Resveratrol suppresses melanoma growth by promoting autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Resveratrol suppresses melanoma growth by promoting autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

The Effect of Novel 7-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[4,5-b][1,2,4]triazine Sulfonamide Derivatives on Apoptosis and Autophagy in DLD-1 and HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells

The Interplay of Autophagy and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer—Ways of Enhancing Immunotherapy Action

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