2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.030
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Updates on thermosensitive hydrogel for nasal, ocular and cutaneous delivery

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Cited by 58 publications
(33 citation statements)
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“…The active substances reach the brain directly from the nasal cavity, along the trigeminal nerve and through the olfactory system, bypassing the BBB in a non-invasive way [ 9 , 103 ], or are absorbed through the nasal epithelium into the systemic circulation and then pass by the BBB in the central nervous system (CNS) [ 104 ]. Systems that deliver the drug without being invasive and without penetrating BBB are considered to be third-generation systems [ 11 ].…”
Section: The Nasal Routementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The active substances reach the brain directly from the nasal cavity, along the trigeminal nerve and through the olfactory system, bypassing the BBB in a non-invasive way [ 9 , 103 ], or are absorbed through the nasal epithelium into the systemic circulation and then pass by the BBB in the central nervous system (CNS) [ 104 ]. Systems that deliver the drug without being invasive and without penetrating BBB are considered to be third-generation systems [ 11 ].…”
Section: The Nasal Routementioning
confidence: 99%
“…This route can be used for any age category, but especially in children and the elderly or unconscious people [ 3 , 4 , 103 ], without the need for qualified staff [ 9 , 61 ]. Nasal administration has other advantages: It is not painful [ 60 ], it does not require sterilization [ 9 ], it is non-invasive [ 61 ], parenteral administration can be avoided (e.g., for insulin) [ 3 , 4 , 103 ], and it increases the patient’s adhesion to treatment [ 9 ]. Enzymatic and acidic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract is prevented by the nasal administration of drugs (e.g., insulin) [ 106 ] and the effect of systemic dilution is minimized [ 104 ].…”
Section: The Nasal Routementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The polymeters P407 and P188 are the most popular thermosensitive gelling agents used for the topical applications through the nasal, ocular and cutaneous routes and also have lower adverse effect on tissues compared with other stimuli-responsive gelling systems (20). Furthermore, 0.05 % ethylparaben is often used in oral and ophthalmic preparations and HP-β-CD used as additive in the intravenous injections.…”
Section: Preparation Of In Situ Gelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another interesting approach to ocular drug delivery is the use of hydrogel systems. Among hydrogels the most interesting for the ocular administration of drugs are the thermosensitive hydrogels that can be instilled in the form of drops and become gels once in contact with the eyes [6][7][8]. In particular, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogels have proved to be vehicles of choice for biomedical application because they possess mucoadhesive, antibacterial, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties [7,9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%