Updates on tetanus toxin: A fundamental approach

Ahaduzzaman, Md.

doi:10.5455/javar.2015.b54

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Ordinarily the microorganisms associated with myiasis are Staphylococcus spp. (Islam et al, 2015) and tetanus in young kids is common in post myiasis patient if infected with Clostridium tetani predispose by unhygienic management and inappropriate use of antimicrobials (Ahaduzzaman, 2015). It was observed that, in all cases of…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Occurrence, Risk Assessment and Wound Healing Approach of Myiasis in Cattle and Goat in Chittagong, Bangladesh

Sarker¹,

Sen²,

Ahaduzzaman³

et al. 2016

Res. J. Vet. Pract.

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| The present study was conducted to determine the clinical prevalence of myiasis in cattle and goats at three veterinary hospitals of Chittagong and Cox's Bazar district, Bangladesh. During the study period overall 2270 cases were observed of which 91 cattle and goats were affected with myiasis. The disease was diagnosed by their clinical history and signs. By using a structured questionnaire several factors like rearing system, species, breed, age, sex and predisposing factors, body part affected and antimicrobials used to treat myiasis wound of each individual case were recorded and subsequently analyzed. The overall proportionate prevalence of myiasis was 4.09% of which 1.67% (n=38) in cattle and 2.42% (n=55) in goat whereas proportionate prevalence in Patiya, Ruma and SAQTVH was 5.52% (N=670), 3.65% (N=1150) and 2.55% (N=550). Younger goat less than 1 year of age had 34 (71.4%) prevalence along with a semi-intensive rearing system 38 (69.09%) showed significantly highest infestation rate. In case of cattle the highest prevalence was found in cross breed 18 (56.2%) but 23 (41.82%) in case of Jamunapari breed of goat. Frequency of myiasis was higher in the vagina (13.99%) than other body regions and the most common predisposing factors were diarrhoea (17%), parturition (12%) and omphalitis (15%). Hematological parameters revealed that eosinophils were the predominated circulation cells. During the treatment of myiasis wound of cattle and goats penicillin and streptomycin combination was used in maximum 38 (40.86%) cases. These findings bring out the wound healing approach, management and treatment of myiasis in cattle and goat within different topography in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Keywords

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Occurrence, Risk Assessment and Wound Healing Approach of Myiasis in Cattle and Goat in Chittagong, Bangladesh

Sarker¹,

Sen²,

Ahaduzzaman³

et al. 2016

Res. J. Vet. Pract.

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“…Tetanus is caused by tetanus toxin (TeNT) which, released by bacterial autolysis, infiltrates body fluids to nerve terminals [ 6 ]. TeNT enters the axonal retrograde transport pathway and reaches motor neurons located in the spinal cord [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and evaluation of the enzymatic activity of tetanus toxin submitted to cobalt-60 gamma radiation

Sartori

Costa

Macarini

et al. 2021

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Background: Tetanus toxin blocks the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and causes tetanus and its main form of prevention is through vaccination. The vaccine is produced by inactivation of tetanus toxin with formaldehyde, which may cause side effects. An alternative way is the use of ionizing radiation for inactivation of the toxin and also to improve the potential immunogenic response and to reduce the post-vaccination side effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the tetanus toxin structure after different doses of ionizing radiation of 60 Co. Methods: Irradiated and native tetanus toxin was characterized by SDS PAGE in reducing and non-reducing conditions and MALD-TOF. Enzymatic activity was measured by FRET substrate. Also, antigenic properties were assessed by ELISA and Western Blot data. Results: Characterization analysis revealed gradual modification on the tetanus toxin structure according to doses increase. Also, fragmentation and possible aggregations of the protein fragments were observed in higher doses. In the analysis of peptide preservation by enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry, there was a slight modification in the identification up to the dose of 4 kGy. At subsequent doses, peptide identification was minimal. The analysis of the enzymatic activity by fluorescence showed 35 % attenuation in the activity even at higher doses. In the antigenic evaluation, anti-tetanus toxin

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Phage display technology for fabricating a recombinant monoclonal ScFv antibody against tetanus toxin

Nejad

Mehrabadi²,

Saeedi

et al. 2023

Toxicology Research

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Tetanus is a specific infectious disease, often associated with lower immunization in developing countries and catastrophic events (such as earthquakes). Millions of people, especially children, die every year from tetanus disease. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a rapid and sensitive detection method for tetanus toxin to ensure an early diagnosis and clinical treatment of tetanus. The current study looks at developing a novel, high specific, low-cost, and sensitive ScFv antibody. It is capable of tetanus detection immunoassays in clinical diagnosis, suspicious foods, and water monitoring. For this regard, a high-quality phage display antibody library (8.7 × 107 PFU/ml) was constructed. Tetanus-specific antibodies with high affinity retrieved from libraries. After phage rescue and four rounds of biopanning, clone screening was performed by phage ELISA. Recombinant antibodies expressed from the AC8 clone showed the highest affinity for tetanus. SDS-PAGE and western blotting confirmed the presence of a high-quality, pure ScFv band at 32 kDa. ELISA was used to determine the affinity value, estimated to be around 10−8 M. The results suggest that the proposed detection method by ScFv antibodies is an alternative diagnostic tool enabling rapid and specific detection of the tetanus toxin.

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Updates on tetanus toxin: A fundamental approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 68 publications

Occurrence, Risk Assessment and Wound Healing Approach of Myiasis in Cattle and Goat in Chittagong, Bangladesh

Occurrence, Risk Assessment and Wound Healing Approach of Myiasis in Cattle and Goat in Chittagong, Bangladesh

Characterization and evaluation of the enzymatic activity of tetanus toxin submitted to cobalt-60 gamma radiation

Phage display technology for fabricating a recombinant monoclonal ScFv antibody against tetanus toxin

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