Update on the HACEK group of fastidious gram-negative bacilli, Part I

Janda, William M.

doi:10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2013.05.001

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…An H. parainfluenzae OTU was most significantly associated with the HIV-positive group. This commensal species is a member of the HACEK group of Gram-negative bacilli that have been implicated in various opportunistic infections including endocardial infections, upper respiratory tract infections, brain abscesses and joint infections (Janda, 2013). Whilst H. parainfluenzae was associated with the HIVpositive individuals, within the HIV-positive group it was positively correlated with CD4 + cell counts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The oral microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals

Kistler

Arirachakaran

Poovorawan

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a range of oral conditions, and increased numbers of disease-associated microbial species have previously been found in HIV-positive subjects. The aim of this study was to use next-generation sequencing to compare the composition of the oral microbiome in HIV-positive and -negative individuals. Plaque and saliva were collected from 37 HIV-positive individuals and 37 HIV-negative individuals, and their bacterial composition determined by pyrosequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes. A total of 855 222 sequences were analysed. The number of species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected was significantly lower in the saliva of HIV-positive individuals (mean5303.3) than in that of HIV-negative individuals (mean5365.5) (P,0.0003). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on community membership (Jaccard index) and structure (Yue and Clayton measure of dissimilarity) showed significant separation of plaque and saliva samples [analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), P,0.001]. PCoA plots did not show any clear separation based on HIV status. However, AMOVA indicated that there was a significant difference in the community membership of saliva between HIV-positive and -negative groups (P50.001). Linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed an OTU identified as Haemophilus parainfluenzae to be significantly associated with HIV-positive individuals, whilst Streptococcus mitis/HOT473 was most significantly associated with HIV-negative individuals. In conclusion, this study has confirmed that the microbial composition of saliva and plaque is different. The oral microbiomes of HIV-positive and -negative individuals were found to be similar overall, although there were minor but significant differences in the composition of the salivary microbiota of the two groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The oral microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals

Kistler

Arirachakaran

Poovorawan

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…H. parainfluenzae may be an etiologic agent of infections with low potential for virulence. 49 The low pathogenicity and rare presence of H. parainfluenzae may be underestimated because it is treated as a typical commensal or microbial pollution, and because of the problem with its isolation and identification. 44 , 50 , 51 In addition, clinical symptoms of some chronic or recurrent infections by H .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal and Adenoid Colonization by Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in Children Undergoing Adenoidectomy and the Ability of Bacterial Isolates to Biofilm Production

et al. 2015

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Haemophili are pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria often colonizing the upper respiratory tract mucosa. The prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae (with serotypes distribution), and H. parainfluenzae in the nasopharynx and/or the adenoid core in children with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis undergoing adenoidectomy was assessed. Haemophili isolates were investigated for their ability to biofilm production.Nasopharyngeal swabs and the adenoid core were collected from 164 children who underwent adenoidectomy (2–5 years old). Bacteria were identified by the standard methods. Serotyping of H. influenzae was performed using polyclonal and monoclonal antisera. Biofilm formation was detected spectrophotometrically using 96-well microplates and 0.1% crystal violet.Ninety seven percent (159/164) children who underwent adenoidectomy were colonized by Haemophilus spp. The adenoid core was colonized in 99.4% (158/159) children, whereas the nasopharynx in 47.2% (75/159) children (P < 0.0001). In 32% (51/159) children only encapsulated (typeable) isolates of H. influenzae were identified, in 22.6% (36/159) children only (nonencapsulated) H. influenzae NTHi (nonencapsulated) isolates were present, whereas 7.5% (12/159) children were colonized by both types. 14.5% (23/159) children were colonized by untypeable (rough) H. influenzae. In 22% (35/159) children H. influenzae serotype d was isolated. Totally, 192 isolates of H. influenzae, 96 isolates of H. parainfluenzae and 14 isolates of other Haemophilus spp. were selected. In 20.1% (32/159) children 2 or 3 phenotypically different isolates of the same species (H. influenzae or H. parainfluenzae) or serotypes (H. influenzae) were identified in 1 child. 67.2% (129/192) isolates of H. influenzae, 56.3% (54/96) isolates of H. parainfluenzae and 85.7% (12/14) isolates of other Haemophilus spp. were positive for biofilm production. Statistically significant differences (P = 0.0029) among H. parainfluenzae biofilmproducers and nonproducers in the adenoid core and the nasopharynx were detected.H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae carriage rate was comparatively higher in the adenoid core than that in the nasopharynx in children undergoing adenoidectomy, suggesting that their involvement in chronic adenoiditis. The growth in the biofilm seems to be an important feature of haemophili colonizing the upper respiratory tract responsible for their persistence.

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“…Aunque tiene una buena susceptibilidad a penicilina 8 , se han aislado cepas productoras de betalactamasas, por lo que las cefalosporinas de tercera generación, como ceftriaxona, son actualmente los fármacos de elección 9,10 . De los miembros del grupo HACEK, C. hominis produce casi exclusivamente endocarditis, a diferencia de los otros microorganismos que producen infecciones gastrointestinales, ginecológicas, dentales, hepáticas, oftálmicas, óseas, etc. 11 y, cuando causan pericarditis, es como complicación de una endocarditis en curso 1 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified