Update on the Epidemiology of Coccidioidomycosis

Stewart, Ethan R.; Thompson, George R.

doi:10.1007/s12281-016-0266-1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Spring and winter (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) Here, the target parameter of interest can be directly expressed from the model coefficients on lagged temperature and precipitation. This approach provides the level of flexibility needed, while permitting Waldbased inference in the form of standard errors.…”

Section: Relationship To Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In California, state-wide age-adjusted incidence rates of coccidioidomycosis increased nearly 800% from 2000 to 2018, and over 300% from 2014 to 2018 [5]. The highest disease burden in California occurs in the southern San Joaquin Valley, but the largest proportional increases in incidence rates are seen among counties that lie outside this hot and arid region where cases were historically concentrated [3, 5, 6]. For instance, incidence in counties within the northern San Joaquin Valley increased by over 1,500% between 2000 and 2018, and incidence in the counties within the central coast increased 800% between 2014 and 2018 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of meteorological factors and drought on coccidioidomycosis incidence in California, 2000–2020

Head

Cooksey

Heaney

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging infection in the southwestern United States. We examined the effects of precipitation and temperature on the incidence of coccidioidomycosis in California during 2000-2020, and estimated incident cases attributable to the California droughts of 2007-09 and 2012-15. Methods We analyzed monthly California coccidioidomycosis surveillance data from 2000-2020 at the census tract-level using generalized additive models. Models included distributed lags of precipitation and temperature within each endemic county, pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis. An ensemble prediction algorithm of incident cases per census tract was developed to estimate the impact of drought on expected cases. Results Across 14 counties examined, coccidioidomycosis was strongly suppressed during, and amplified following, the 2007-2009 and 2012-2015 droughts. An estimated excess of 1,358 and 2,461 drought-attributable cases were observed in California in the two years following the 2007-2009 and 2012-2015 droughts, respectively. These post-drought excess cases more than offset the drought-attributable declines of 1,126 and 2,192 cases, respectively, that occurred during the 2007-2009 and 2012-2015 droughts. Across counties, a temperature increase from the 25th to 75th percentile (interquartile range) in the summer was associated with a doubling of incidence in the following fall (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 2.02, 95% CI: 1.84, 2.22), and a one IQR increase in precipitation in the winter was associated with 1.45 (95% CI: 1.36, 1.55) times higher incidence in the fall. The effect of winter precipitation was stronger (interaction coefficient representing ratio of IRRs: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.48) when preceded by two dry rather than average winters. Incidence in arid lower San Joaquin Valley counties was most sensitive to winter precipitation fluctuations, while incidence in wetter coastal counties was most sensitive to summer temperature fluctuations. Conclusions In California, wet winters along with hot summers, particularly those following previous dry years, increased risk of coccidioidomycosis in California. Drought conditions may suppress incidence, then amplify incidence in subsequent years. With anticipated increasing frequency of drought in California, continued expansion of incidence, particularly in wetter, coastal regions, is expected.

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Section: Relationship To Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of meteorological factors and drought on coccidioidomycosis incidence in California, 2000–2020

Head

Cooksey

Heaney

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The geographic areas with the largest endemic sources of infection are in California and Arizona, United States 3,4 . However, they can also be seen in Mexico and Central America 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laryngeal coccidioidomycosis in adults: systematic review of the literature and a case report

Lizárraga,

Loaiza,

Tapia

et al. 2023

Romanian Journal of Rhinology

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BACKGROUND. Coccidioidomycosis spp. is a dimorphic fungus endemic to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Incidences in high-risk locations have increased over the last years. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A systematic review has been carried out following the PRISMA guidelines of the reports found in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar databases from 1953 to 2023. We included articles written in the English language, with the following keywords “laryngeal” and “coccidioidomycosis” and “adults”, "upper respiratory tract" and "coccidioidomycosis" and "adults". RESULTS. In the review, we could access 8 publications with a total of 10 cases in which 7 men and 3 women were reported, with a mean age of 49.3 years. The ten reported cases were from the southern region of the United States, which borders our state of Sonora in the north. Also, we report the case of a 24-year-old male patient, who presented a chronic picture of more than 1 year with dysphonia, worsening in the last month. He underwent direct laryngoscopy with biopsy, resulting in the diagnosis of laryngeal coccidioidomycosis. Our patient had multiple comorbidities, among which chronic kidney disease in treatment with peritoneal dialysis, erythropoietin and prednisone, with a history of renal transplant in 2017, rejected in 2019. CONCLUSION. Laryngeal coccidioidomycosis is a diagnostic challenge for the clinician, its characteristics may appear to be a malignant entity, up to the formation of abscesses and even present bone destruction. The geographical area in which we are located makes it necessary to always include coccidioidomycosis as a pathology to rule out in our patients.

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“…Coccidioidomycosis, or valley fever (VF), is a fungal infection endemic in dry areas throughout the Americas caused by the inhalation of Coccidioides spores ( 1 , 2 ). Disease manifestation varies depending on infection severity and host immune competency, with a reported 60% of patients showing no symptoms despite many having immunologic evidence of exposure ( 3 – 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Laboratory Utility of a Humanized Antibody in Commercially Available Enzyme Immunoassays for Coccidioidomycosis

et al. 2022

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Update on the Epidemiology of Coccidioidomycosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Influence of meteorological factors and drought on coccidioidomycosis incidence in California, 2000–2020

Influence of meteorological factors and drought on coccidioidomycosis incidence in California, 2000–2020

Laryngeal coccidioidomycosis in adults: systematic review of the literature and a case report

Clinical Laboratory Utility of a Humanized Antibody in Commercially Available Enzyme Immunoassays for Coccidioidomycosis

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