Update on Serum Biomarkers in Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

Dottori, Ludovica; Pivetta, Giulia; Annibale, Bruno; Lahner, Edith

doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvad082

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Autoimmune gastritis is a persistent inflammation of the stomach arising from the autoimmune system's erroneous targeting and subsequent destruction of gastric parietal cells, resulting in reduced gastric acid secretion and vitamin B12 deficiency [54][55][56]. Reduced gastric acid production leads to elevated levels of gastrin.…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Tumors In Autoimmune Gastritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Diagnoses and Management Approaches for Gastric Polyposis

Iwamuro,

Kawano,

Otsuka

2024

Gastroenterology Insights

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Multiple gastric polyps are observed in various polyposis syndromes and conditions associated with polypoid lesion development in the stomach. Polyposis syndromes often occur concurrently with specific malignant tumors and can manifest at any point in an individual’s lifespan, thus explaining the diversity in surveillance methods. Furthermore, genetic counseling and surveillance are essential not only for the patients themselves but also for their blood relatives. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis and appropriate surveillance of multiple gastric polyps are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This review aims to provide essential information on such lesions along with representative endoscopic images of familial adenomatous polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach, neuroendocrine tumors in autoimmune gastritis, proton pump inhibitor-related gastric mucosal changes, and multiple submucosal heterotopic glands. We wish for this review to serve as a valuable resource for endoscopists seeking to deepen their comprehension of gastric polyposis.

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Section: Neuroendocrine Tumors In Autoimmune Gastritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Diagnoses and Management Approaches for Gastric Polyposis

Iwamuro,

Kawano,

Otsuka

2024

Gastroenterology Insights

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“…This is a limitation that can lead to false-negative results, while false positives may occur due to interactions with plasma proteins or O-sulfated proteins, reducing the diagnostic reliability of hypergastrinemia. Many factors like antral distension, vagal stimulation from sensory activities, undigested proteins, alcohol, hypoglycemia, caffeine and high calcium levels can trigger gastrin release, while gastric acid and inhibitory hormones like secretin, GIP, VIP, glucagon, calcitonin and somatostatin can suppress gastrin release [62]. Limitations in testing gastrin levels are due to gastrin concentrations also being influenced by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), commonly prescribed drugs, that inhibit the gastric proton pump.…”

Section: Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis and Hypochlorhydria: Why Do Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Gastritis and Hypochlorhydria: Known Concepts from a New Perspective

Vavallo,

Cingolani,

Cozza

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Autoimmune atrophic gastritis is an immune-mediated disease resulting in autoimmune destruction of the specialized acid-producing gastric parietal cells. As a consequence, in autoimmune atrophic gastritis, gastric acid secretion is irreversibly impaired, and the resulting hypochlorhydria leads to the main clinical manifestations and is linked, directly or indirectly, to the long-term neoplastic complications of this disease. In the last few years, autoimmune atrophic gastritis has gained growing interest leading to the acquisition of new knowledge on different aspects of this disorder. Although reliable serological biomarkers are available and gastrointestinal endoscopy techniques have substantially evolved, the diagnosis of autoimmune atrophic gastritis is still affected by a considerable delay and relies on histopathological assessment of gastric biopsies. One of the reasons for the diagnostic delay is that the clinical presentations of autoimmune atrophic gastritis giving rise to clinical suspicion are very different, ranging from hematological to neurological–psychiatric up to gastrointestinal and less commonly to gynecological–obstetric symptoms or signs. Therefore, patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis often seek advice from physicians of other medical specialties than gastroenterologists, thus underlining the need for increased awareness of this disease in a broad medical and scientific community.

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“…Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) is a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to atrophy of the oxyntic mucosa, reduced secretion of gastric acid, and intrinsic factor associated with frequent positivity of gastric autoantibodies against parietal cells and/or intrinsic factor [ 1 ]. Also, low pepsinogen I levels and hypergastrinemia are frequently associated with AAG, and for this reason are considered damage-atrophy biomarkers [ 2 ]. The exact pathogenesis of AAG is not yet completely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Microbiota Gender Differences in Subjects with Healthy Stomachs and Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

et al. 2023

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Gender differences and microbiota are gaining increasing attention. This study aimed to assess gender differences in gastric bacterial microbiota between subjects with healthy stomachs and those with autoimmune atrophic gastritis. This was a post hoc analysis of 52 subjects undergoing gastroscopy for dyspepsia (57.7% healthy stomach, 42.3% autoimmune atrophic gastritis). Gastric biopsies were obtained for histopathology and genomic DNA extraction. Gastric microbiota were assessed by sequencing the hypervariable regions of the 16SrRNA gene. The bacterial profile at the phylum level was reported as being in relative abundance expressed as 16SrRNA OTUs (>0.5%) and biodiversity calculated as Shannon-diversity index-H. All data were stratified for the female and male gender. Results showed that women with healthy stomachs had a higher gastric bacterial abundance and less microbial diversity compared to men. Likely due to hypochlorhydria and the non-acid intragastric environment, autoimmune atrophic gastritis seems to reset gender differences in gastric bacterial abundance and reduce biodiversity in males, showing a greater extent of dysbiosis in terms of reduced biodiversity in men. Differences between gender on taxa frequency at the phylum and genus level in healthy subjects and autoimmune atrophic gastritis were observed. The impact of these findings on the gender-specific natural history of autoimmune atrophic gastritis remains to be elucidated; in any case, gender differences should deserve attention in gastric microbiota studies.

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Update on Serum Biomarkers in Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

Cited by 8 publications

References 82 publications

Differential Diagnoses and Management Approaches for Gastric Polyposis

Differential Diagnoses and Management Approaches for Gastric Polyposis

Autoimmune Gastritis and Hypochlorhydria: Known Concepts from a New Perspective

Gastric Microbiota Gender Differences in Subjects with Healthy Stomachs and Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

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