Update on Research and Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Cunningham, Joanne; Yonkers, Kimberly A.; O’Brien, Shaughn; Eriksson, Elias

doi:10.1080/10673220902891836

Cited by 152 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 282 publications

(305 reference statements)

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“…The neurobiological factors involved in the development of PMS are considered to be similar to those involved in the development of severe depression (20,21). In rats, it has been observed that a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist was able to alter the time in suspension during forced swimming (22), which improved depressive-like behavior (17,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the µ-opioid receptor and its related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome liver-qi stagnation

Song

Xue

2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) and its related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) liver-qi stagnation, along with the therapeutic effects of the Shu-Yu capsule in treating the condition. A PMS liver-qi stagnation rat model was established using a chronic restraint stress method. The protein expression level of MOR within rat hippocampal tissue was detected via western blot analysis and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels within the supernatant of a rat hippocampal cell culture were determined by ELISA. The western blot analysis indicated that the hippocampal expression level of MOR was significantly elevated in the PMS liver-qi stagnation model group. However, subsequent treatment with a Shu-Yu capsule was found to significantly decrease the level of MOR expression. In addition, in vitro experiments were performed, whereby primary hippocampal neurons were treated with model rat serum. It was observed that the level of MOR expression was significantly elevated, while brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP levels in the culture supernatant were significantly decreased. These effects were reversed by treatment with serum from the Shu-Yu capsule-treated rats. Furthermore, when treated with the MOR activator DAMGO, the following were significantly decreased in the primary neurons: Phosphorylation levels of cAMP response element binding protein and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK); BDNF expression; and cAMP content in the culture supernatant. These effects were reversed in primary neurons treated with DAMGO and Shu-Yu-containing rat serum. Collectively, the data suggest that increased MOR expression and activation of the cAMP/ERK signaling pathway in the hippocampus may be involved in the pathogenesis of PMS liver-qi stagnation. Furthermore, the efficacy of the Shu-Yu capsule in treating the condition may be via its regulation of MOR receptor signaling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the µ-opioid receptor and its related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome liver-qi stagnation

Song

Xue

2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…PMS is characterized by symptoms involving body, mind and behavior that emerge cyclically one to two weeks prior to menstruation (35). These symptoms are relieved soon following the onset of menses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shu-Yu capsule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation, attenuates premenstrual syndrome depression induced by chronic stress constraint

Gao

Sun

Qiao

et al. 2014

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of the Shu-Yu capsule (SYC), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation, on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) depression and the ratio of glutamate (Glu) to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a rat model of PMS depression. Rats were randomly divided into a control group, model group, fluoxetine group, SYC group and saikosaponins (SS) group. The therapeutic effect of SYC was evaluated using a sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT) and body mass following four days of treatment. Hippocampal extracellular fluid was collected by microdialysis and the levels of Glu and GABA in the microdialysate were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that, compared with the control group, the sucrose preference coefficient (SC%), total score of OFT and body mass of the model group were significantly lower (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). However, the sucrose preference coefficient, total score of OFT and body mass of the SYC group were all significantly increased compared with the model group (P<0.05). Furthermore, SYC inhibited the decrease of the Glu/GABA ratio in the hippocampus of rats with PMS depression. It was concluded that SYC effectively improved the symptoms of PMS depression, possibly by inhibiting the dysregulation of the Glu/GABA balance in the central nervous system.

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“…[16] Most evidence suggest that there is decrease in serotonin and beta-endorphins level during pre-menstrual phase and this might be associated with changes in mood and behavioral symptoms. [1,17,18] Thus during different phases of menstrual cycle neurohormonal changes, stress, and sympathetic activity are interrelated to each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic function tests during pre and #8209; and post and #8209;menstrual phases in young women

Handergulle¹,

Somani²

2018

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: Women undergo many types of behavioral and hormonal changes, especially during reproductive life. Besides reproductive changes, there occur cyclical fluctuations in various functions of body systems. Autonomic nervous system provides physiological adaptive background for these changes. In these cyclical changes, pre-menstrual phase stress can be assessed by sympathetic function tests to avoid further cardiovascular complications. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to carry out sympathetic function tests during pre-menstrual phase and post-menstrual phase of healthy young women. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in 50 healthy females of age between 18 and 25 years. They undergo the sympathetic function tests such as pulse rate, blood pressure (BP), orthostatic variation on BP, and cold pressor test. Statistical analysis was done by student paired t-test. Result: Response to various sympathetic tests were altered in pre-menstrual phase as compared to that of post-menstrual phase reflecting highly significant increase in the sympathetic activity. Conclusion: Neurohormonal changes and pre-menstrual stress during the pre-menstrual phase are interrelated to each other and increases the sympathetic activity.

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Update on Research and Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Cited by 152 publications

References 282 publications

Roles of the µ-opioid receptor and its related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome liver-qi stagnation

Roles of the µ-opioid receptor and its related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome liver-qi stagnation

Shu-Yu capsule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation, attenuates premenstrual syndrome depression induced by chronic stress constraint

Sympathetic function tests during pre and #8209; and post and #8209;menstrual phases in young women

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