Roles of the µ-opioid receptor and its related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome liver-qi stagnation

Song, Chao; Xue, Lingui

doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4374

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With some modifications, the models were established as previously reported [16, 23]. The protocol for the LQS model was as follows: restraint stress was induced by placing mice individually in a ventilated 50 mL polypropylene tube (diameter of 3 cm and length of 10 cm, with a 1 cm hole in the cover for air diffusion) for 3 h every day for 28 days [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although abundant studies have reported the effects of CSS on depression, rodent models of chronic mild stress or unavoidable punishment (learned helplessness) have been adopted for inducing depressive symptoms [15]. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), depression includes different syndromes, such as Liver-Qi Stagnation (LQS), a syndrome induced by abnormal flow of the liver qi, which is characterized by depression, chest tightness and sighing [16], and liver stagnation and spleen deficiency (LSSD), which includes poor digestion, weight loss, diarrhoea, a bad appetite, and so on [17]; these are the two main depressive syndromes, and each has its own specific symptoms. CSS is uniquely used to treat LQS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chaihu-Shugan-San Reinforces CYP3A4 Expression via Pregnane X Receptor in Depressive Treatment of Liver-Qi Stagnation Syndrome

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Backgrounds. Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) is a classic traditional Chinese herbal prescription for treating depression. However, the underlying mechanism of the Chinese syndrome-specific efficacy of CSS is poorly understood. Aim of the Study. From traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacogenetics perspectives, the present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effects of CSS on a mouse model of Liver-Qi Stagnation (LQS) syndrome and its underlying mechanisms. Methods and Materials. We used two main mouse models of depressive syndromes in the study, including LQS and liver stagnation and spleen deficiency (LSSD) syndrome. Tail suspension and forced swimming tests were used to evaluate the effects of CSS on animal behaviour. The expression level of the CYP450 enzyme from liver microsomes was analysed by western blot (WB) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). More specifically, we analysed the key compounds of CSS that are responsible for CYP450 regulation via bioinformatics. Ultimately, luciferase assays were employed to confirm the prediction in vitro. Results. CSS remarkably reduced the immobile time in LQS rather than in LSSD mice. Although CSS significantly upregulated CYP2C9 in mice with both syndromes, activated translation of CYP3A4 induced by CSS was only observed in the LQS group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the unique regulation of CYP3A4 was responsible for the effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) from CSS. Further luciferase assays confirmed the enhancement of CYP3A4 expression via the pregnane X receptor (PXR) pathway in vitro. Conclusions. CSS specifically upregulates the translation of CYP3A4 via the PXR pathway in depressed LQS mice. GA, a bioactive compound that originates from CSS, contributes to this activation. This work provides novel insight into Chinese syndrome-based therapy for depression.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chaihu-Shugan-San Reinforces CYP3A4 Expression via Pregnane X Receptor in Depressive Treatment of Liver-Qi Stagnation Syndrome

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Paeoniflorin can significantly inhibit the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and Cav1.2 increase in current density induced by KCl. In addition, it showed beneficial effects against affective disorders by regulating Cav1.2 through the CaM/CaMKII pathway ( Song and Xue, 2017 ). The abovementioned results further verified the correctness of the analysis results of the intersection targets of Chinese medicines and diseases in this study and clarified the Chinese medicine’s target and pharmacological mechanisms used in the treatment of PMS/PMDD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Pharmacology and Data Mining Approach Reveal the Medication Rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome/Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Qiao²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by periodic mental and somatic symptoms such as irritability, depression, and breast pain during the luteal phase. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the most severe form of PMS. In recent years, the incidence of PMS/PMDD has been increasing year after year. However, due to the complex symptoms and ambiguous classification of PMS/PMDD, the limitations of present treatments, such as their poor efficacy rate, have become increasingly apparent. With its unique benefits such as syndrome differentiation and high cure rate, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has sparked new diagnosing and treating of PMS/PMDD. This study uses data mining methods, and statistical analysis revealed that Xiaoyao San and Chaihu Shugan San were the commonly used TCM to treat PMS/PMDD. A detailed investigation of regularly used single herbs revealed that most TCM is used as cold herbs that penetrate the liver meridian, with predominant bitter, sweet, and pungent flavors. The network pharmacology method analyzes the interactions between diseases, targets, and herbs. Meanwhile, the deep action targets and molecular mechanisms of 10 commonly used herbs for the treatment of PMS/PMDD are studied, revealing that it involves several ingredients, many targets, and different pathways. This interaction provides insight into the mechanism of action of TCM in the synergistic treatment of PMS/PMDD. It is now clear that we can begin treating PMS/PMDD with TCM using the target and mechanism revealed by the abovementioned findings in the future. This serves as an essential reference for future research and clinical application of TCM in the treatment of PMS/PMDD.

show abstract

“…In addition, BDNF levels are reduced from the follicular to luteal phase. In a PMS rat model, BDNF expression is significantly decreased with the activation of opioid receptors ( 157 ). These inconsistent results may indicate distinct neuromodulator response alternations between PMS and PMDD.…”

Section: Melatonin Modulates Brain Gaba and Bdnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin for premenstrual syndrome: A potential remedy but not ready

Yin

Zhang²,

Guo³

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a recurrent and moderate disorder that occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and quickly resolves after menstruation, is characterized by somatic and emotional discomfort that can be severe enough to impair daily activities. Current therapeutic drugs for PMS such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are not very satisfying. As a critical pineal hormone, melatonin has increasingly been suggested to modulate PMS symptoms. In this review, we update the latest progress on PMS-induced sleep disturbance, mood changes, and cognitive impairment and provide possible pathways by which melatonin attenuates these symptoms. Moreover, we focus on the role of melatonin in PMS molecular mechanisms. Herein, we show that melatonin can regulate ovarian estrogen and progesterone, of which cyclic fluctuations contribute to PMS pathogenesis. Melatonin also modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor system in PMS. Interpreting the role of melatonin in PMS is not only informative to clarify PMS etiology but also instructive to melatonin and its receptor agonist application to promote female health. As a safe interaction, melatonin treatment can be effective in alleviating symptoms of PMS. However, symptoms such as sleep disturbance, depressive mood, cognitive impairment are not specific and can be easily misdiagnosed. Connections between melatonin receptor, ovarian steroid dysfunction, and PMS are not consistent among past studies. Before final conclusions are drawn, more well-organized and rigorous studies are recommended.

show abstract

Roles of the µ-opioid receptor and its related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome liver-qi stagnation

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Chaihu-Shugan-San Reinforces CYP3A4 Expression via Pregnane X Receptor in Depressive Treatment of Liver-Qi Stagnation Syndrome

Chaihu-Shugan-San Reinforces CYP3A4 Expression via Pregnane X Receptor in Depressive Treatment of Liver-Qi Stagnation Syndrome

Network Pharmacology and Data Mining Approach Reveal the Medication Rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome/Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Melatonin for premenstrual syndrome: A potential remedy but not ready

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About