Update on pituitary adenomas in the 2017 World Health Organization classification: innovations and perspectives

Kontogeorgos, George

doi:10.1007/s42000-020-00269-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These claims may have some theoretical basis but lack validation of a large number of clinical data. However, despite more than 10 years of research, the significance of Ki-67 as a prognostic marker could not be established ( 30 ). In this case, the Ki-67 indexes of the patient in two surgeries were 2% and 8%, respectively (both <10%).…”

Section: Literature Review and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pituitary Carcinoma Patient With Cerebrospinal Fluid Dissemination Showing a Good Response to Temozolomide Combined With Whole-Brain and Spinal Cord Radiotherapy: A Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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Pituitary carcinoma (PC) is extremely rare, with its incidence only accounting for 0.1%-0.2% of pituitary tumor (PT). Existing histological features, including invasiveness, cellular pleomorphism, nuclear atypia, mitosis, necrosis, etc., can be observed in pituitary adenoma (PA), invasive PA (IPA) and PC. Invasion is not the basis for the diagnosis of PC. The diagnosis of PC is often determined after the metastases are found, hence early diagnosis is extraordinarily difficult. Owing to the conventional treatment for PC may not be effective, a large portion of patients survived less than one year after diagnosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to find an efficacious treatment for PC. We report a rare case of sparsely granulated somatotroph carcinoma with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination showing a favorable treatment response to temozolomide (TMZ) combined with whole-brain and spinal cord radiotherapy.

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Section: Literature Review and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pituitary Carcinoma Patient With Cerebrospinal Fluid Dissemination Showing a Good Response to Temozolomide Combined With Whole-Brain and Spinal Cord Radiotherapy: A Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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“…Yet, no reliable aggressive predictor has been defined for most PitNET, although some histologic subtypes can present aggressive behaviour ( 6 , 7 ). The high-risk PitNETs recognised are: sparsely granulated somatotroph tumours, lactotroph tumours in men, Crooke’s cell tumours, silent corticotroph tumours, and Pit-1 positive plurihormonal tumours ( 8 ). The driveline responsible for the rarely invasive and metastatic profile is unclear, even when oncogenic pathways are triggered or tumour suppressor pathways are deactivated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As every cell type within the pituitary gland is able to yield tumours, a varied group of neoplasms can occur, usually related to overly secreted hormones. This subclassification could become more complex since it is now recognised that there are also tumours with varied secretory properties, either due to plurihormonal or multicellular pituitary neoplasia ( 8 , 12 , 13 ). Some of these discrepancies have been resolved by molecular studies, through typification of tumour origin by the transcription factors involved in the differentiation of anterior pituitary cells, with PIT1, TPIT, SF1, GATA3, and ERα providing histological subtyping of PitNETs ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architects of Pituitary Tumour Growth

2022

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The pituitary is a master gland responsible for the modulation of critical endocrine functions. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) display a considerable prevalence of 1/1106, frequently observed as benign solid tumours. PitNETs still represent a cause of important morbidity, due to hormonal systemic deregulation, with surgical, radiological or chronic treatment required for illness management. The apparent scarceness, uncommon behaviour and molecular features of PitNETs have resulted in a relatively slow progress in depicting their pathogenesis. An appropriate interpretation of different phenotypes or cellular outcomes during tumour growth is desirable, since histopathological characterization still remains the main option for prognosis elucidation. Improved knowledge obtained in recent decades about pituitary tumorigenesis has revealed that this process involves several cellular routes in addition to proliferation and death, with its modulation depending on many signalling pathways rather than being the result of abnormalities of a unique proliferation pathway, as sometimes presented. PitNETs can display intrinsic heterogeneity and cell subpopulations with diverse biological, genetic and epigenetic particularities, including tumorigenic potential. Hence, to obtain a better understanding of PitNET growth new approaches are required and the systematization of the available data, with the role of cell death programs, autophagy, stem cells, cellular senescence, mitochondrial function, metabolic reprogramming still being emerging fields in pituitary research. We envisage that through the combination of molecular, genetic and epigenetic data, together with the improved morphological, biochemical, physiological and metabolically knowledge on pituitary neoplastic potential accumulated in recent decades, tumour classification schemes will become more accurate regarding tumour origin, behaviour and plausible clinical results.

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“…Recently, the 2017 WHO classification of PAs has abandoned the concept of “a hormone‐producing pituitary adenoma” and adopted a pituitary adenohypophyseal cell‐lineage designation of adenomas with subsequent categorization of histological variants according to hormone content and specific histological and immunohistochemical features. Consequently, all PAs can now be divided into one of seven general categories: somatotroph, lactotroph, thyrotroph, corticotroph, gonadotroph, null cell adenoma (NCA), and plurihormonal (Kontogeorgos, 2021) (Table 1). The 2017 WHO classification and the traditional classification of PAs were linked according to pituitary hormones detected with immunohistochemistry in PA tissues; for example, PAs could be divided into different morphological variants based on pituitary hormones detected with immunohistochemistry (growth hormone [GH], prolactin [PRL], thyroid‐stimulating hormone [TSH], adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] (Trouillas, 2002), follicle‐stimulating hormone [FSH], and luteinizing hormone [LH]) in Table 1 (Mete & Lopes, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of mass spectrometry in a proteome‐centered multiomics study of human pituitary adenomas

Desiderio

Zhan

2021

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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A pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial neoplasm, and is a complex, chronic, and whole-body disease with multicausing factors, multiprocesses, and multiconsequences. It is very difficult to clarify molecular mechanism and treat PAs from the single-factor strategy model. The rapid development of multiomics and systems biology changed the paradigms from a traditional single-factor strategy to a multiparameter systematic strategy for effective management of PAs.A series of molecular alterations at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, peptidome, metabolome, and radiome levels are involved in pituitary tumorigenesis, and mutually associate into a complex molecular network system. Also, the center of multiomics is moving from structural genomics to phenomics, including proteomics and metabolomics in the medical sciences. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been extensively used in phenomics studies of human PAs to clarify molecular mechanisms, and to discover biomarkers and therapeutic targets/drugs. MS-based

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Update on pituitary adenomas in the 2017 World Health Organization classification: innovations and perspectives

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

A Pituitary Carcinoma Patient With Cerebrospinal Fluid Dissemination Showing a Good Response to Temozolomide Combined With Whole-Brain and Spinal Cord Radiotherapy: A Case Report and Literature Review

A Pituitary Carcinoma Patient With Cerebrospinal Fluid Dissemination Showing a Good Response to Temozolomide Combined With Whole-Brain and Spinal Cord Radiotherapy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Architects of Pituitary Tumour Growth

The use of mass spectrometry in a proteome‐centered multiomics study of human pituitary adenomas

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