The use of mass spectrometry in a proteome‐centered multiomics study of human pituitary adenomas

Abstract

A pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial neoplasm, and is a complex, chronic, and whole-body disease with multicausing factors, multiprocesses, and multiconsequences. It is very difficult to clarify molecular mechanism and treat PAs from the single-factor strategy model. The rapid development of multiomics and systems biology changed the paradigms from a traditional single-factor strategy to a multiparameter systematic strategy for effective management of PAs.A series of molecular alterations at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, peptidome, metabolome, and radiome levels are involved in pituitary tumorigenesis, and mutually associate into a complex molecular network system. Also, the center of multiomics is moving from structural genomics to phenomics, including proteomics and metabolomics in the medical sciences. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been extensively used in phenomics studies of human PAs to clarify molecular mechanisms, and to discover biomarkers and therapeutic targets/drugs. MS-based

Mass spectrometry analysis of human tear fluid biomarkers specific for ocular and systemic diseases in the context of 3P medicine

“…Based on these solid and liquid components of tear fluid, different types of omics can be used to detect, identify, and quantify DNA (genomics data), RNA (transcriptomics data), protein (proteomics data), peptide (peptidomics data), metabolite (metabolomics data), microbe (microbiomics data), and image feature (radiomics data) (Fig. 5) [219,220]. These omics data can be used to construct molecular pathway networks, and molecular networkbased pattern biomarkers that are associated with different clinical factors (such as age, gender, race, histological classification, functional classification, stage, metastasis, surgical options, and adjuvant therapy) and high-risk factors (infection, inflammation, genetics, and life habit, etc.).…”

“…These tear pattern biomarkers will be useful for prediction/ prevention, diagnosis/therapy, and prognostic assessment in the framework of 3P medicine (Fig. 5) [219,220]. Different omics have an imbalanced contribution to 3P medicine, namely individualized phoneme is the bridge from genome to 3P medicine (PPPM) or precision medicine (PM) practice, and metabolome and proteome are two main elements of phoneme (Fig.…”

“…Different omics have an imbalanced contribution to 3P medicine, namely individualized phoneme is the bridge from genome to 3P medicine (PPPM) or precision medicine (PM) practice, and metabolome and proteome are two main elements of phoneme (Fig. 6) [219,221,222]. The main contributions of genomics are the gene sequencing to detect, identify, and quantify mutation, loss, insert, fusion genes, and modifications in DNAs and RNAs.…”

“…Thus, current paradigm is shifting from genome-centered research practice to phenomecentered research practice (Fig. 6) [219,221,222]. Therefore, it is crucially necessary to strengthen study on tear phenomics, especially tear proteomics, metabolomics, and peptidomics, in ocular and/or systemic diseases, which will directly lead to the discovery of effective tear biomarkers to in-depth understand molecular mechanism of disease, and stratify patients for personalized prediction, diagnosis, and prognostic assessment of ocular and/or systemic diseases in the context of 3P medicine.…”

Introductory Chapter: Metabolomics

“…PPPM = predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (3P medicine). Modified and upgraded from Zhan et al [1], with permission from Elsevier publisher, copyright 2018; and reproduced from Li et al [2], with permission from Wiley publisher, copyright 2021.…”