Update on methamphetamine: an old problem that we have recently encountered

Evren, Cüneyt; Bozkurt, Müge

doi:10.5350/dajpn20183101001

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Other than the common withdrawal symptoms associated with METH use, such as excessive sleeping and severe cravings, METH also triggers depressive-like symptoms in users [113], usually lasting for longer than two weeks of abstinence [114]. This is in stark contrast to the euphoric and elevated mood effects which METH brings on when initially consumed [115].…”

Section: Impacts Of Meth On Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methamphetamine and its immune-modulating effects

et al. 2019

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Methamphetamine (METH, or ice) use is a global burden, which continues to pervade and plague contemporary society with estimates of up to 35 million users worldwide. METH is a psychotropic compound which acts on the central nervous system, and, in chronic doses, can induce psychotic behavior from its highly addictive nature. METH harbours the capacity to cause modulation of immune cells, enabling the drug to have lasting, long-term effects which may manifest into neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as leading to increased susceptibility to communicable diseases, such as HIV. In addition, changes to the cytokine balance have been associated with blood brain barrier compromise, resulting to alterations to brain plasticity, creating lasting neurotoxicity. Furthermore, immune-related signaling pathways are key to further evaluating how METH impacts the host immunity through these neurological and peripheral modifications. Layering this knowledge with current data on inflammatory responses can help facilitate a better understanding of how the host adaptive and innate immunity responds to METH, how this can activate premature-ageing processes and how METH exacerbates disturbances leading to non-communicable age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, depression and dementia.

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Section: Impacts Of Meth On Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methamphetamine and its immune-modulating effects

et al. 2019

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“…ATS are highly addictive and can cause harm to physical, mental, and social health (7,8). The purity and chemical composition of ATS often are unclear (9,10). Prolonged ATS misuse can cause mild to severe mental and physical disorders including malnutrition, aggression, sleep disorder, nervous stress, hallucinations, and psychosis (11).…”

Section: Introduction Description Of the Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Interventions for Amphetamine Type Stimulant Use Disorder: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) use is a global concern due to increased usage and the harm to physical, mental, and social well-being. The objective of this overview of systematic reviews is to summarise trial results of psychosocial interventions and describe their efficacy and safety.Methods: We searched seven bibliographic databases to November 2020 for systematic reviews examining ATS misuse treatment by psychosocial interventions. Given the apparent incompleteness of the included reviews, we undertook a supplemental meta-analysis of all eligible primary studies.Results: We included 11 systematic reviews of moderate to high quality and 39 primary studies which assessed the outcomes of psychosocial interventions on people who use ATS. The key findings include: (1) There were conflicting results about the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions among reviews, which may confuse decision-makers in selecting treatment. (2) In the supplemental meta-analysis, relative to usual care (only counselling or self-help materials), membership of a psychological intervention group was associated with an important reduction in drug usage [risk ratio (RR) 0.80, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.85]. Patients in psychological interventions used injectables substantially less [odds ratio (OR) 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.49]. The risk of unsafe sex in the psychosocial intervention group was lower than in the control group (RR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.71). The combination of therapies reduced 1.51 day using drugs in the preceding 30 days (95% CI: −2.36 to −0.67) compared to cognitive behavioural therapy intervention alone. (3) Compared to usual care, cognitive behavioural therapy was less likely to be retained at follow-up (RR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.97; high-quality evidence). However, the additional of contingency management strategy can make an important improvement upon retention (RR 1.42, 95%CI: 1.25 to 1.62).Authors' Conclusions: Integrated models are more effective than a single-treatment strategy. Comprehensive and sustained psychosocial interventions can help to reduce use of ATS and other drugs, risk behaviours and mental disorders, and significantly improve treatment adherence.

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“…The physical manifestations of acute methamphetamine can include tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, elevated respiratory rate, mydriasis, perspiration, hyperthermia, muscle fatigue, muscle cramping, as well as nausea and vomiting. 13 Oral examination of methamphetamine addicted patients is characterized by what is called "Meth Mouth" which consists of a combination of xerostomia, dental caries, discoloration of dentition, decay of dentition, missing dentition, as well as gum disease. 14 Less common but more serious symptoms include seizures, myocardial infarction, and even a psychosis-like state which mimics schizophrenia.…”

Section: Physical and Psychological Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Care Recognition and Treatment of Methamphetamine Use Disorder

Terry¹,

Dally²,

Lambroussis

2020

OFP

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Methamphetamine addiction remains one of the most common substance use disorders encountered by physicians and is often unrecognized in the current opioid epidemic. Methamphetamine remains widely available in the United States despite laws designed to limit illicit production. Physical signs of methamphetamine abuse are not always recognized in the primary care setting. The utilization of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) has helped in the identification of drug abusers in this setting. The mainstay of treatment remains cognitive behavioral therapy. Though various medications have been tried, none have gained FDA approval because of the lack of proven efficacy. The most promising treatment modality on the horizon appears to be immunotherapy. Treatment, while not necessarily efficacious in the long term, is widely available today.

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Update on methamphetamine: an old problem that we have recently encountered

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Methamphetamine and its immune-modulating effects

Methamphetamine and its immune-modulating effects

Psychosocial Interventions for Amphetamine Type Stimulant Use Disorder: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Primary Care Recognition and Treatment of Methamphetamine Use Disorder

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