Update on Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Emergency Department

Abstract

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are frequently treated in the emergency department (ED) setting. Recent studies provide critical new information that can guide new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of SSTIs in the ED. Rapid polymerase chain reaction assays capable of detecting MRSA in approximately 1 h hold significant potential to improving antibiotic stewardship in SSTI care. Emergency ultrasound continues to demonstrate value in guiding appropriate management of SSTIs, including the early diagnosis of necrotizing infections. Since emerging in the 1990s, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) continues to increase in prevalence, and it represents a significant challenge to optimizing ED antibiotic use for SSTI management. Growing literature reinforces the current recommendation of incision and drainage without antibiotics for uncomplicated abscesses. Selecting antibiotics with CA-MRSA coverage is recommended when treating purulent SSTIs; however, it is generally not necessary in cases of nonpurulent cellulitis. Future advances in ED SSTI care may involve expansion of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy protocols and the recent development of a novel, once weekly antibiotic with activity against MRSA.

What Is the Utility of Ultrasonography for the Identification of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Emergency Department?

“…Ultrasonography has been increasingly used for the identification of skin and soft tissue infection, including cellulitis, soft tissue abscesses, pyomyositis, and necrotizing fasciitis. [5][6][7] On ultrasonography, abscesses will generally appear spherical or ovoid, although irregular borders are also commonly observed. They tend to have hypoechoic centers, and peripheral hyperemia may be noted.…”

Validation of Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Measure Perioperative Edema in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease

“…The use of ultrasound to evaluate skin edema has not been studied in neonates or infants with CHD. Skin ultrasound is performed in both adult and pediatric emergency departments to diagnose skin and soft tissue infections, which can include qualitatively recognizing edema (32)(33)(34). However, the quantification of extravascular fluid overload via ultrasound has rarely been studied in adults and never previously attempted in infants with CHD (26,35).…”

Diagnóstico microbiológico en neutropenia febril secundaria a quimioterapia por malignidad hematológica: descripción de una cohorte

“…Celulitis: se asumía dicho foco si en el examen físico estaba descrito la presencia de un área eritematosa, caliente y dolorosa no explicada por una etiología no infecciosa (18).…”