Update on Interstitial Pneumonia

Wilkins, Pamela A.; Lascola, Kara M.

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2014.11.006

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In IAD, however, microbiologic examinations of tracheal aspirates are often positive despite no evidence of systemic infection [32]. Interstitial pneumonia may also be the consequence of bacterial infection, but in the phase of chronic interstitial disease it is usually impossible to find evidence of bacterial disease [19]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During disease exacerbation, increased inflammatory markers may be found in plasma as described for haptoglobin and serumamyloid A [14], but local neutrophila in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is considered the most reliable feature [15]. Inflammatory airway disease (IAD), a possible precursor of RAO [16], shows a lower grade of inflammation including airway neutrophilia and/or increases in mast cell and eosinophil counts [17], while interstitial pneumopathies are characterized by increases in macrophage percentages in BALF cytology [18, 19]. As systemic markers were only increased in RAO exacerbation, measurement of biomarkers may be more rewarding out of BALF in chronic respiratory disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

et al. 2016

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BackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT), a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive inflammatory marker in human medicine, which is primarily used for diagnosis of bacterial sepsis, but is also useful in diagnosis of exacerbation of asthma and COPD. In this study, PCT was evaluated as a potential biomarker for different chronic pneumopathies in the horse using an equine specific ELISA in comparison to established clinical markers and different interleukins.Sixty-four horses were classified as free of respiratory disease, recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), inflammatory airway disease (IAD) or chronic interstitial pneumopathy (CIP) using a scoring system. PCT concentrations were measured in plasma (n = 17) and in the cell-free supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 64). PCT concentrations were correlated to interleukins IL-1ß and IL-6 in BALF, clinical findings and BALF cytology.ResultsThe median PCT concentrations in plasma were increased in respiratory disease (174.46 ng/ml, n = 7) compared to controls (13.94 ng/ml, n = 10, P = 0.05) and correlated to PCT in BALF supernatant (rs = 0.48). Compared to controls (5.49 ng/ml, n = 15), median PCT concentrations in BALF supernatant correlated to the overall clinical score (rs = 0.32, P = 0.007) and were significantly increased in RAO (13.40 ng/ml, n = 21) and IAD (16.89 ng/ml, n = 16), while no differences were found for CIP (12.02 ng/ml, n = 12). No significant increases were found for IL-1 and IL-6 between controls and respiratory disease in general as well as different disease groups.ConclusionsAlthough some correlations were found between PCT in plasma, BALF supernatant and clinical scores, PCT in BALF does not seem to be a superior marker compared to established clinical markers. PCT in plasma seems to be more promising and a greater number of samples should be evaluated in further studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

et al. 2016

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“…Viral infections of the respiratory tract are a common cause of cough in horses and are particularly important as they can cause outbreaks of respiratory disease. 211,212 Horses with interstitial pneumonia frequently have marked tachypnea with increased respiratory effort, and cough and fever can be present as well. Some important equine respiratory With regard to the equine herpesviruses, EHV-4 and EHV-1 are the major pathogens associated with acute respiratory disease in the domestic horse population.…”

Section: Causes Of Cough Associated With Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, bacterial infections of the respiratory tract such as bacterial pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, pleuritis, and pulmonary abscessation can result in respiratory distress. 211,212,292,293 In neonatal foals, immature lungs and lack of surfactant can contribute to respiratory distress. Viral respiratory tract infections, which are common in horses, may sometimes result in respiratory distress.…”

Section: Conditions Associated With Respiratory Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Approach to Commonly Encountered Problems

Hines¹

2018

Equine Internal Medicine

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“…The inflammation in the lung parenchyma will cause structural changes in the lung, reducing the number of functional alveoli and therefore affecting ventilation. This reduction in lung compliance is associated with the loss of distensible alveoli, the presence of pulmonary oedema and fibrosis (Wilkins and Lascola ). Glucocorticoids are thought to work in decreasing the inflammation that precedes the development of fibrous tissue and early and aggressive use may lead to a better long‐term outcome for cases of interstitial pneumonia (Spelta et al .…”

Section: Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of glucocorticoid therapy in horses. Part 2: Clinical use of systemic glucocorticoids in horses

Pereira

Groover

Wooldridge

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary This article is the second in a review series about the use of glucocorticoids to treat medical and musculoskeletal conditions in horses. This segment in the series summarises reported dosages, methods of administration and the efficacy of glucocorticoids for various systemic diseases in equids. The most common use of systemic glucocorticoids reported in the literature for management and treatment of alterations of the respiratory, integumentary, immune and neurological systems are included.

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Update on Interstitial Pneumonia

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

Clinical Approach to Commonly Encountered Problems

Review of glucocorticoid therapy in horses. Part 2: Clinical use of systemic glucocorticoids in horses

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