Update on Chemoreception

Dempsey, Jerome A.; Smith, Curtis A.

doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2019.02.001

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It is the latter that stops attempts to investigate spontaneous breathing, and also translates scientific research into researching the perfusion-ventilation capabilities of the respiratory apparatus. Of course, this is important from the point of view of understanding oxygen supply and gas exchange, but it does not allow to fully characterizing the regulatory effects, being limited to chemo-and mechanoreceptor mechanisms (Byeon et al, 2012;Dempsey and Smith, 2019). In recent years, the results of a number of studies conducted in laboratory conditions that analyze the central modulatory effects on breathing have appeared (Girin et al, 2021;Shams et al, 2021;Balban et al, 2023).…”

Section: Breathing Maneuver and Indicators Of Breathing Pattern And V...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory dynamics during respiratory maneuver in athletes

Romanchuk

2023

Front. Netw. Physiol.

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Introduction: The modern practice of sports medicine and medical rehabilitation requires the search for subtle criteria for the development of conditions and recovery of the body after diseases, which would have a prognostic value for the prevention of negative effects of training and rehabilitation tools, and also testify to the development and course of mechanisms for counteracting pathogenetic processes in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the informative directions of the cardiorespiratory system parameters dynamics during the performing a maneuver with a change in breathing rate, which may indicate the body functional state violation.Methods: The results of the study of 183 healthy men aged 21.2 ± 2.3 years who regularly engaged in various sports were analyzed. The procedure for studying the cardiorespiratory system included conducting combined measurements of indicators of activity of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in a sitting position using a spiroarteriocardiograph device. The duration of the study was 6 min and involved the sequential registration of three measurements with a change in breathing rate (spontaneous breathing, breathing at 0.1 Hz and 0.25 Hz).Results: Performing a breathing maneuver at breathing 0.1 Hz and breathing 0.25 Hz in comparison with spontaneous breathing leads to multidirectional significant changes in heart rate variability indicators–TP (ms2), LF (ms2), LFHF (ms2/ms2); of blood pressure variability indicators–TPDBP (mmHg2), LFSBP (mmHg2), LFDBP (mmHg2), HFSBP (mmHg2); of volume respiration variability indicators - LFR, (L×min-1)2; HFR, (L×min-1)2; LFHFR, (L×min-1)2/(L×min-1)2; of arterial baroreflex sensitivity indicators - BRLF (ms×mmHg-1), BRHF (ms×mmHg-1). Differences in indicators of systemic hemodynamics and indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory systems synchronization were also informative.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is shown that during performing a breathing maneuver with a change in the rate of breathing, there are significant changes in cardiorespiratory parameters, the analysis of which the increments made it possible to determine of the changes directions dynamics, their absolute values and informative limits regarding the possible occurrence of the cardiorespiratory interactions dysregulation.

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Section: Breathing Maneuver and Indicators Of Breathing Pattern And V...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory dynamics during respiratory maneuver in athletes

Romanchuk

2023

Front. Netw. Physiol.

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“…(Modified from Dempsey and Smith. 102 ) the moderate hyperventilation associated with prolonged steady-state hyperoxia in intact animals and humans [28][29][30] likely reflects the effects of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neural tissue, primarily the brainstem. 27 Third, the common use of hyperoxic CO 2 rebreathing tests to quantify chemoreflex sensitivity in humans reflects both the peripheral and central chemosensitivity, not just the latter as commonly presumed.…”

Section: Chemoreceptors Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive chemosensitivity to transient increases and decreases in CO 2 contributes importantly to central, obstructive, and mixed repeated apneas and hypopneas in health and in chronic diseases by enhancing the controller, plant, and "loop" gains of the respiratory control system. Loop gain is a dynamic measure of how close the respiratory control system is to instability [101][102][103] (see details in ►Fig. 5 legend).…”

Section: Loop Gain and Ventilatory Instability In Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Breathing

Dempsey

Welch

2023

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Substantial advances have been made recently into the discovery of fundamental mechanisms underlying the neural control of breathing and even some inroads into translating these findings to treating breathing disorders. Here, we review several of these advances, starting with an appreciation of the importance of V̇A:V̇CO2:PaCO2 relationships, then summarizing our current understanding of the mechanisms and neural pathways for central rhythm generation, chemoreception, exercise hyperpnea, plasticity, and sleep-state effects on ventilatory control. We apply these fundamental principles to consider the pathophysiology of ventilatory control attending hypersensitized chemoreception in select cardiorespiratory diseases, the pathogenesis of sleep-disordered breathing, and the exertional hyperventilation and dyspnea associated with aging and chronic diseases. These examples underscore the critical importance that many ventilatory control issues play in disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

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“…Intermittent hypoxia is also common in various forms of sleep disordered breathing in which a combination of a collapsible airway, high arousability, and high loop gain in chemosensory control systems give rise to cyclic apneas (Dempsey et al, 2012) and a dramatic increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease (Young et al, 1993; Young and Peppard, 2000; Leung and Bradley, 2001; Punjabi, 2008). While the hypoxic ventilatory response and hypoxic respiratory depression are not directly implicated in the cyclic apneas of obstructive sleep apnea, understanding all chemosensory systems, including the novel central hypoxia sensing mechanism under discussion here, is essential to resolve how central and peripheral chemosensory systems interact to cause high loop gain and cyclic apneas that are common in sleep disordered breathing (Dempsey et al, 2010, 2012; Dempsey and Smith, 2019).…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of the Hypoxic Ventilatory Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Purinome and the preBötzinger Complex – A Ménage of Unexplored Mechanisms That May Modulate/Shape the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response

Reklow

Alvares

Zhang

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Exploration of purinergic signaling in brainstem homeostatic control processes is challenging the traditional view that the biphasic hypoxic ventilatory response, which comprises a rapid initial increase in breathing followed by a slower secondary depression, reflects the interaction between peripheral chemoreceptor-mediated excitation and central inhibition. While controversial, accumulating evidence supports that in addition to peripheral excitation, interactions between central excitatory and inhibitory purinergic mechanisms shape this key homeostatic reflex. The objective of this review is to present our working model of how purinergic signaling modulates the glutamatergic inspiratory synapse in the preBötzinger Complex (key site of inspiratory rhythm generation) to shape the hypoxic ventilatory response. It is based on the perspective that has emerged from decades of analysis of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus, where the actions of extracellular ATP are determined by a complex signaling system, the purinome. The purinome involves not only the actions of ATP and adenosine at P2 and P1 receptors, respectively, but diverse families of enzymes and transporters that collectively determine the rate of ATP degradation, adenosine accumulation and adenosine clearance. We summarize current knowledge of the roles played by these different purinergic elements in the hypoxic ventilatory response, often drawing on examples from other brain regions, and look ahead to many unanswered questions and remaining challenges.

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Update on Chemoreception

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Cardiorespiratory dynamics during respiratory maneuver in athletes

Cardiorespiratory dynamics during respiratory maneuver in athletes

Control of Breathing

The Purinome and the preBötzinger Complex – A Ménage of Unexplored Mechanisms That May Modulate/Shape the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response

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