Cardiorespiratory dynamics during respiratory maneuver in athletes

Abstract

Introduction: The modern practice of sports medicine and medical rehabilitation requires the search for subtle criteria for the development of conditions and recovery of the body after diseases, which would have a prognostic value for the prevention of negative effects of training and rehabilitation tools, and also testify to the development and course of mechanisms for counteracting pathogenetic processes in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the informative directions of the cardiorespiratory system parameters dynamics during the performing a maneuver with a change in breathing rate, which may indicate the body functional state violation.Methods: The results of the study of 183 healthy men aged 21.2 ± 2.3 years who regularly engaged in various sports were analyzed. The procedure for studying the cardiorespiratory system included conducting combined measurements of indicators of activity of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in a sitting position using a spiroarteriocardiograph device. The duration of the study was 6 min and involved the sequential registration of three measurements with a change in breathing rate (spontaneous breathing, breathing at 0.1 Hz and 0.25 Hz).Results: Performing a breathing maneuver at breathing 0.1 Hz and breathing 0.25 Hz in comparison with spontaneous breathing leads to multidirectional significant changes in heart rate variability indicators–TP (ms2), LF (ms2), LFHF (ms2/ms2); of blood pressure variability indicators–TPDBP (mmHg2), LFSBP (mmHg2), LFDBP (mmHg2), HFSBP (mmHg2); of volume respiration variability indicators - LFR, (L×min-1)2; HFR, (L×min-1)2; LFHFR, (L×min-1)2/(L×min-1)2; of arterial baroreflex sensitivity indicators - BRLF (ms×mmHg-1), BRHF (ms×mmHg-1). Differences in indicators of systemic hemodynamics and indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory systems synchronization were also informative.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is shown that during performing a breathing maneuver with a change in the rate of breathing, there are significant changes in cardiorespiratory parameters, the analysis of which the increments made it possible to determine of the changes directions dynamics, their absolute values and informative limits regarding the possible occurrence of the cardiorespiratory interactions dysregulation.

Cardiorespiratory synchronization under the influence of strength endurance training

“…However, in our opinion, it is not able to adequately reflect changes both at rest and during exercise, since this coefficient does not take into account the volumetric characteristics of the cardiorespiratory system, which determine its energy capabilities both at rest and under exercise time It was previously shown that IH (cu) in a group of physically active men when performing tests with controlled breathing likely increases from 4. 77 (3.98; 6.20) to 10.92 (9.97; 12.14), p=0.000 at CR 6 and remains unchanged in comparison with spontaneous breathing 5.00 (4.48, 5.84), p=0.209 at CR 15 (Romanchuk, 2023). Other authors demonstrated its increase during physical load, which occurred due to a relative increase in heart rate (min -1 ) compared to HR (min -1 ).…”

“…When studying VSI (dm 3 ×L -1 ), which characterizes volumetric synchronization, it was previously shown that when performing a breathing maneuver with a change in respiratory rate, it reliably decreases from 0.586 (0.477; 0.745) in SR to 0.441 (0.327; 0.582) at CR 6 to 0.360 (0.247; 0.477), p=0.000 at CR 15 (Romanchuk, 2023). In other studies, it was found that it increases with work capacity (Gastinger, et al, 2010).…”

“…For all measurements, indicators of frequency and volume synchronization of the cardiorespiratory system were calculated -the Hildebrandt index (HI) and volume synchronization index (VSI) (Hildebrandt, 1953;Romanchuk, 2023). HI=HR(min -1 )/RR(min -1 ) VSI=CO(dm 3 ⋅min -1 )/V(L⋅min -1 )…”

“…The optimization of the release and hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the SA node (Bernardi et al, 2001) and the strengthen- ing of the phase modulation of sympathetic activity (Limberg et al, 2013) were noted, which contributes to the improvement of orthostatic reactions (Vidigal et al, 2016). Our previous studies have shown that effect of a CR of 0.1 Hz is in an increase in end-systolic volume, cardiac output, cardiac index on the background of a decrease in systolic volume, total peripheral vascular resistance and systolic index (Romanchuk, 2023). That is, deep breathing with a frequency of 0.1 Hz allows you to determine the structure of body systems under the imposed parasympathetic influence.…”

“…At CR 0.25 Hz, compared to SR, a stable end-systolic volume, an increase in cardiac output, cardiac index against the background of a decrease in end-diastolic volume, systolic volume, total peripheral vascular resistance and systolic index were revealed. That is, performing a breathing maneuver increases the preload on the heart, which is compensated by an increase in HR (min -1 ) on the background of a decrease in SBP (mmHg) (Romanchuk, 2023). If we talk about hyperventilation tests in general, then their classical performance lasting up to 3 minutes can stimulate the appearance of symptoms (King, 1988), which can cause deterioration of well-being or even contribute to the development of conditions that require emergency care (Gardner, 1996).…”