Update on anode materials for Na-ion batteries

Abstract

This review is focused on the recent progress and strategies in the fabrication of high performance anode materials for Na-ion batteries.

Hierarchical hollow Fe2O3@MIL-101(Fe)/C derived from metal-organic frameworks for superior sodium storage

“…The reaction can be described as equation (2) and the conversion of the iron oxide accompanied by the layer formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI). which results are consistent with other research groups1712.…”

“…The sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) recently have attracted great interest for large-scale energy storage in renewable energy and smart grid applications due to the cheap raw materials and its decent energy densities1234. However, compared to Li-ion batteries (LIBs), Na ions (0.102 nm in radius) are about 34% larger than that of Li ions (0.076 nm in radius), which makes it difficult to find a suitable host material to allow reversible and rapid ion insertion and extraction567.…”

Core–Shell Ge@Graphene@TiO2 Nanofibers as a High‐Capacity and Cycle‐Stable Anode for Lithium and Sodium Ion Battery

“…These issues hastened people to pay more attention to explore costeffective energy storage systems. [1][2][3] Rechargeable lithium ion battery (LIBs) and sodium ion battery (SIBs) have been proved to be the effi cient energy storage devices to address these problems. However, the capacity, stability, and rate performance of these rechargeable batteries still need to be improved for further development and application in electric vehicles.…”

Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Academic Research to Practical Commercialization

“…[103] Yang's group also fabricated Sb@TiO 2−x //Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 -C sodium-ion full-cell batteries, delivering an energy density of 151 W h kg −1 at a power density of 21 W kg −1 (Figure 4c). [110] In addition, other types of anode, such as sulfide (rGO/Sb 2 S 3 as shown in Figure 4d) [28,149] and transition metal oxide (Na 0.66 [Li 0.22 Ti 0.78 ]O 2 , as shown in Figure 4e), were also used as anode in full-cell systems and showed good compatibility with the cathode materials. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Sb 2 S 3 //Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 system could reach an energy density of 80 W h kg −1 based on the Sb 2 S 3 anode.…”

“…Sb-and Sn-based anode materials have attracted extensive attention because of their high theoretical capacity and low potential relative to Na, but they inevitably undergo enormous volume expansion during cycling due to the large ionic size of the inserted Na, resulting in the destruction of the anode materials and loss of electrical contact, and consequently, a large irreversible capacity. [149] In order to reduce the irreversible capacity of the full cells, presodiation of Sb-and Sn-based anodes was employed prior to assembling the full cell. [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] For example, the NiSb//Na 0.…”