Upcycling Plastic Waste into High Value‐Added Carbonaceous Materials

Choi, Jiho; Yang, Inchan; Kim, Sung Soo; Cho, Se Youn; Lee, Sungho

doi:10.1002/marc.202100467

Cited by 49 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(462 reference statements)

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“…Finally, we proposed the potential enhancement approaches for efficient and selective recovery of polyolefins in the view of polymer modification and the design of catalysis or catalyst. Compared to other published reviews, 5,[12][13][14] we highlight more investigations on the structure-performance relationships and the design of catalysis or catalysts, which are less discussed before. In addition, the comparison and discussion on different strategies from the perspective of a specific product can give some new insights and complementation for the catalysis and catalyst design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins by heterogeneous catalysis

Chu

Yang

et al. 2022

SusMat

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The mass production of disposable polyolefin products has led to serious plastic pollution and an imbalance between manufacturing and recycling. Given these challenges, the chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins has attracted extensive attention due to its high efficiency and economic benefits. Herein, we review the development of polyolefin chemical upcycling in heterogeneous catalysis. The status quo of polyolefin recycling is first discussed. We then introduce the advanced strategies for chemical upcycling in the view of different value‐added products and discuss their challenges and prospects. Our in‐depth analysis centers on the catalytic mechanism and the design principle of heterogeneous catalysts. Finally, we outlook the promising directions to facilitate the degradation process via polymer and catalyst design and optimized catalytic engineering. Innovative strategies are expected to promote the chemical upcycling of polyolefins, bringing great promise for the sustainable development of society.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins by heterogeneous catalysis

Chu

Yang

et al. 2022

SusMat

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“…Many investigations have focused on the morphology control of plastic-derived carbonaceous materials (Azara et al 2022 ; Bazargan and McKay 2012 ; Choi et al 2022 ; Harussani et al 2022 ; Williams 2021 ; Zhang et al 2021b ). CNTs, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, CS, CNS, and porous carbon have been successfully synthesized from various plastics (Deng et al 2016 ; Gong et al 2019 ; Vieira et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Morphology Control Of Carbonaceous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-oriented conversions of plastics to carbon nanomaterials

Ren

et al. 2022

carbon res

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The accumulation of waste plastics has caused serious environmental issues due to their unbiodegradable nature and hazardous additives. Converting waste plastics to different carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is a promising approach to minimize plastic pollution and realize advanced manufacturing of CNMs. The reported plastic-derived carbons include carbon filaments (i.e. carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers), graphene, carbon nanosheets, carbon sphere, and porous carbon. In this review, we present the influences of different intrinsic structures of plastics on the pyrolysis intermediates. We also reveal that non-charring plastics are prone to being pyrolyzed into light hydrocarbons while charring plastics are prone to being pyrolyzed into aromatics. Subsequently, light hydrocarbons favor to form graphite while aromatics are inclined to form amorphous carbon during the carbon formation process. In addition, the conversion tendency of different plastics into various morphologies of carbon is concluded. We also discuss other impact factors during the transformation process, including catalysts, temperature, processing duration and templates, and reveal how to obtain different morphological CNMs from plastics. Finally, current technology limitations and perspectives are presented to provide future research directions in effective plastic conversion and advanced CNM synthesis.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12] Considering the high content of carbon element in plastics (≈85.7 wt% for PE), utilizing plastic wastes as feedstocks to synthesize carbonaceous materials has become an emerging alternative to the classical recycling methods. [13][14][15][16] Carbonization of PE is challenging. This is because, upon heating in N 2 atmosphere, PE usually goes on random chain scission to produce long-chain hydrocarbons, which are difficult to be carbonized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the subsequent carbonization, cross-linking of the chain structure takes place via the elimination of sulfonic acid or oxygen-containing groups, forming a stabilized cyclic structure. [13] Kim et al conducted sulfonation of PE at 120 °C, followed by carbonization at 900 °C to prepare sulfonated carbon. [27] Unfortunately, it consumes a large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling Waste Polyethylene into Carbon Nanomaterial via a Carbon‐Grown‐on‐Carbon Strategy

Jia

Bai

Liu

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Upcycling waste plastics (e.g., polyethylene (PE)) into value‐added carbon products is regarded as a promising approach to address the increasingly serious waste plastic pollution and simultaneously achieve carbon neutrality. However, developing new carbonization technology routes to promote the oxidation of PE at low temperature and construct the stable cross‐linking network remains challenging. Here, a facile carbon‐grown‐on‐carbon strategy is proposed using carbon black (CB) to convert waste PE into core/shell carbon nanoparticles (CN) in high yields at low temperature. The yield of CN remarkably increases when the heating temperature decreases or the dosage of CB increases. The obtained CN displays turbostratic structure and closely aggregated granular morphology with a size of ≈80 nm. It is found that, prior to the oxidation and carbonization of PE, CB forms a 3D network architecture in the PE matrix. More importantly, CB not only catalyzes the partial oxidation of PE to form PE macromolecular radicals and introduce oxygen‐containing groups at low temperature in the early stage, but also favors for the construction of a stable cross‐linking network in the latter stage. This work offers a facile sustainable strategy for chemical upcycling of PE into value‐added carbon products without post‐treatments or usage of metallic catalysts.

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Upcycling Plastic Waste into High Value‐Added Carbonaceous Materials

Cited by 49 publications

References 136 publications

Sustainable chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins by heterogeneous catalysis

Sustainable chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins by heterogeneous catalysis

Structure-oriented conversions of plastics to carbon nanomaterials

Upcycling Waste Polyethylene into Carbon Nanomaterial via a Carbon‐Grown‐on‐Carbon Strategy

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