Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs): Synthesis methods, imaging and cancer therapy

Advancements and applications of upconversion nanoparticles in wound dressings

“…In addition, the sol-gel method is a novel approach for the preparation of UCNPs. 81,82 3.1.1 Thermal decomposition technique. Thermal decomposition is a well-known approach to produce UCNPs, in which common precursors such as rare earth fluoride and trifluoroacetate are decomposed under high temperature (B300 1C).…”

Beyond traditional light: NIR-II light-activated photosensitizers for cancer therapy

“…Rare-earth doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have emerged as one of the most promising inorganic nanomedicines for cell labeling, bioimaging, and cancer therapy owing to their intrinsic upconversion luminescence (UCL) properties of low-energy NIR light into high-energy ultraviolet or visible light, excellent photostability, and low toxicity. 92–94 In particular, compared with carbon-based materials and organic fluorophores, UCNPs are highly suitable as NIR-II photosensitizers because they are inherently activated by NIR laser irradiation. Recently, Zhang and colleagues fabricated a NIR-II-excited therapeutic agent formed of ytterbium (Yb)- and erbium (Er)-doped titanium dioxide nano-shovel/quercetin/l-arginine (TiO 2 @UCN/Qr/LA) on a titanium bone implant (Fig.…”

Cascade strategy for glucose oxidase-based synergistic cancer therapy using nanomaterials

“…166 This anti-Stokes shifting process, termed upconversion, enables UCNPs to mediate PDT activated by visible or ultraviolet emission light when exposed to NIR laser radiation. 166–168 In the study conducted by You and colleagues, 169 a multifunctional nanoplatform was developed by encapsulating UCNPs and hydrophobic photosensitizers within ZIF-8 and modifying the surface with GOx and CAT. The cross-linking agent used in this study was glutaraldehyde.…”