Cascade strategy for glucose oxidase-based synergistic cancer therapy using nanomaterials

Abstract

Nanomaterial-based cancer therapy faces significant limitations due to the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Starvation therapy is an emerging therapeutic approach that targets tumor cell metabolism using glucose...

Ti3C2 MXene Nanosheet-Based Dual-Enzyme Cascade Reaction to Facilitate Dual-Stimulation-Mediated Breast Cancer Therapy

“…Taking glucose as an example, cancer cells proliferate faster compared to normal cells, which leads to accelerated glucose metabolism through glycolysis, and the consumption of glucose as a metabolic substrate increases; if the supply of glucose is reduced at this time, the cancer cells will be “starved to death” due to the lack of nutrients, which is a strategy known as “starvation therapy”. , Glucose oxidase-mediated starvation therapy (GST) is widely used in tumor therapy because of its low side effects and remarkable effectiveness. , However, the enzyme produces excess H 2 O 2 while oxidizing glucose, causing irreversible damage to normal cells. , The above shortcomings limit the further development of glucose oxidase in tumor therapy. Fortunately, a cascade of enzymes composed of glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) could smoothly eliminate the H 2 O 2 generated in the reaction, and the O 2 produced also alleviate the hypoxic state of the TME. ,− The cascade will further promote the glucose consumption of tumor cells, making the reaction cycle like a motor and accelerating the rate of glycolysis. − …”