Upconversion and Anti-Stokes Processes with f and d Ions in Solids

Auzel, F.

doi:10.1021/cr020357g

Cited by 4,510 publications

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“…Benefitting from their unique 4f configuration, the 3+ lanthanides are rich in discrete energy levels, from which the upconverted emissions covering near‐ultraviolet, visible, and near‐infrared spectral region were already obtained in lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanocrystals and bulks 2, 3. The merits of upconversion nanoparticles including sharp emission bandwidths, large anti‐Stokes shifts, and superior photochemical stability make them to be one class of ideal candidate for the biological nanoprobe 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Photon Upconversion and Precise Control of Donor–Acceptor Interaction through Interfacial Energy Transfer

et al. 2017

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Upconverting materials have achieved great progress in recent years, however, it remains challenging for the mechanistic research on new upconversion strategy of lanthanides. Here, a novel and efficient strategy to realize photon upconversion from more lanthanides and fine control of lanthanide donor–acceptor interactions through using the interfacial energy transfer (IET) is reported. Unlike conventional energy‐transfer upconversion and recently reported energy‐migration upconversion, the IET approach is capable of enabling upconversions from Er3+, Tm3+, Ho3+, Tb3+, Eu3+, Dy3+ to Sm3+ in NaYF4‐ and NaYbF4‐based core–shell nanostructures simultaneously. Applying the IET in a Nd–Yb coupled sensitizing system can also enable the 808/980 nm dual‐wavelength excited upconversion from a single particle. More importantly, the construction of IET concept allows for a fine control and manipulation of lanthanide donor–acceptor interactions and dynamics at the nanometer‐length scale by establishing a physical model upon an interlayer‐mediated nanostructure. These findings open a door for the fundamental understanding of the luminescence dynamics involving lanthanides at nanoscale, which would further help conceive new scientific concepts and control photon upconversion at a single lanthanide ion level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Photon Upconversion and Precise Control of Donor–Acceptor Interaction through Interfacial Energy Transfer

et al. 2017

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“…Photon UC, known as anti‐Stokes emission, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon in which the sequential absorption of two or more low‐energy photons leads to high‐energy photon emission 1. The process appears magical, but Auzel proposed the occurrence of energy transfer to activators (luminescent centres) that are already in the excited state 1. This transfer is well established for activators in the ground state and can explain why n photons may be summed in the UC process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This transfer is well established for activators in the ground state and can explain why n photons may be summed in the UC process. Some typical UC processes, such as energy transfer upconversion (ETU), excited state absorption (ESA) after ground state absorption (GSA), cooperative sensitisation, cooperative luminescence, two‐photon absorption, and the magnitude of their relative efficiency (all for the case of Ln 3+ ), are schematically illustrated in Figure 1 1. The ETU process can be described as two sensitisers sequentially transferring energy to a third ion with ladder‐like excited energy levels, resulting in the accumulation of energy and its release as high‐energy photons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The early discovered and well‐studied UC phenomena of Ln 3+ have become conceptually appealing in many areas, including IR‐pumped bioapplications,1, 2, 3 displays,4 lasers1 and solar cells 5, 6, 7. In particular, IR‐pumped UC nanomaterials enable pumped light to penetrate tissue to a certain depth for imaging or probing of biosystems with reduced background interference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transition Metal‐Involved Photon Upconversion

Song

Zhang

2016

Advanced Science

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Upconversion (UC) luminescence of lanthanide ions (Ln3+) has been extensively investigated for several decades and is a constant research hotspot owing to its fundamental significance and widespread applications. In contrast to the multiple and fixed UC emissions of Ln3+, transition metal (TM) ions, e.g., Mn2+, usually possess a single broadband emission due to its 3d 5 electronic configuration. Wavelength‐tuneable single UC emission can be achieved in some TM ion‐activated systems ascribed to the susceptibility of d electrons to the chemical environment, which is appealing in molecular sensing and lighting. Moreover, the UC emissions of Ln3+ can be modulated by TM ions (specifically d‐block element ions with unfilled d orbitals), which benefits from the specific metastable energy levels of Ln3+ owing to the well‐shielded 4f electrons and tuneable energy levels of the TM ions. The electric versatility of d 0 ion‐containing hosts (d 0 normally viewed as charged anion groups, such as MoO6 6‐ and TiO4 4‐) may also have a strong influence on the electric dipole transition of Ln3+, resulting in multifunctional properties of modulated UC emission and electrical behaviour, such as ferroelectricity and oxide‐ion conductivity. This review focuses on recent advances in the room temperature (RT) UC of TM ions, the UC of Ln3+ tuned by TM or d 0 ions, and the UC of d 0 ion‐centred groups, as well as their potential applications in bioimaging, solar cells and multifunctional devices.

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Laser Sources

Andrews

Lipson

2009

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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The article contains sections titled: Introduction Optically Pumped Solid‐State Lasers Ruby Laser Neodymium Lasers Widely Tunable Lasers Color‐Center Lasers Fiber Lasers Diode Lasers Vertical Cavity Surface Emitter Lasers Visible Laser Diodes Quantum Dot Lasers Quantum Cascade Lasers Quantum Microcavity Lasers Atomic and Ionic Gas Lasers Helium–Neon Laser Argon and Krypton Lasers Molecular Gas Lasers Carbon Dioxide Laser Nitrogen Laser Iodine Laser Excimer Lasers Dye Lasers Pulsing Techniques Cavity Dumping Q‐Switching Mode‐Locking Ultrafast Pulse Compression Continuum Generation Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation Frequency Conversion Frequency Doubling Optical Parametric Oscillators Frequency Tripling and Four‐Wave Mixing Higher Order Harmonic Generation Free‐Electron Laser Tabletop X‐ray Lasers

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Upconversion and Anti-Stokes Processes with f and d Ions in Solids

Cited by 4,510 publications

References 271 publications

Enabling Photon Upconversion and Precise Control of Donor–Acceptor Interaction through Interfacial Energy Transfer

Enabling Photon Upconversion and Precise Control of Donor–Acceptor Interaction through Interfacial Energy Transfer

Transition Metal‐Involved Photon Upconversion

Laser Sources

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