Up-Regulation of Intrarenal Renin-Agiotensin System Contributes to Renal Damage in High-Salt Induced Hypertension Rats

Wu, Haiyan; Liang, Yaoxian; Zheng, Yimu; Bai, Qiong; Zheng, Zicheng; Lata, A; Zheng, Dan; Wang, Yue

doi:10.1159/000368463

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This observation was also confirmed by Chandramohan et al, who suggested that high-salt diet lowers plasma renin activity but increases the number of kidney angiotensin II (Ang II)-positive cells and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in DS rats [26]. In a recent study, Wu et al [27] reported that hypertension induced by high salt levels and renal damage causes the upregulation of renal cortex renin, AGT, and Ang II; in addition, the blockage of AT1R decreased the proteinuria in Wistar rats. These observations are consistent with the results of our study, in which high salt intake increased the mRNA expression of RAS components in the renal cortex, and the blockage of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and AT1R decreased the proteinuria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet

Wang

Xie

Gao³

et al. 2015

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of high-salt diet on the renal expression of renalase and the potential role of the local renin-angiotensin system in this process. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into groups according to salt content in diet and drug treatment as follows: normal-salt diet (NS), high-salt diet (HS), high-salt intake with hydralazine (HS+H), high-salt diet with enalapril (HS+E), and high-salt diet with valsartan (HS+V). The dietary intervention and drugs were given for four weeks. Renin activity and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) levels were detected by real-time PCR. Renalase mRNA and protein were also measured. Results: After four weeks, systolic blood pressure and proteinuria were significantly increased in the HS group with respect to the NS group. Dietary salt intake caused a dramatic decrease in renalase expression in the rat kidneys. Renal cortex renin and AT1R increased significantly in the HS and HS+H groups. Urinary protein was positively correlated with renal renin and AT1R levels. However, in the HS+E and HS+V groups, enalapril and valsartan failed to influence renal renalase expression but abolished the increase in proteinuria, renal cortex renin, and AT1R levels with respect to the HS group. Conclusion: This study indicates that high salt intake reduces renal expression, and renal RAS may be not involved in the regulation of renalase in SD rats fed with high-salt diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet

Wang

Xie

Gao³

et al. 2015

Kidney Blood Press Res

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“…Many studies have focused on the relationship between local RAS activation and high sodium intake [37, 38], and some authors have concluded that high dietary salt induces the inappropriate activation of the local RAS [39]. In patients with hypertension, abnormal activation of circulatory RAS is responsible for the maintenance of high BP [40], while tissue RAS activation is closely related to the target organ damage and malfunction [41]. The overexpression of ACE and AT1R in the DS rats of the HS group was probably associated with the unfavorable responsiveness of the small arteries to vasoactive agents, which led to arteriolar remodeling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the characteristics of these inbred rats tend to be very consistent, we still obtained meaningful results. In previous studies with DS rats, a similar sample size was used [23, 41]. Second, the conclusions drawn from an animal study cannot be simply extrapolated to humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sodium Intake Impairs Small Artery Vasoreactivity in vivo in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats

Wang

Chen

et al. 2019

J Vasc Res

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The effects of high sodium intake on the functionality of resistance arteries have been repeatedly studied in vitro, but no study has focused on salt-sensitive hypertension in vivo. We studied the in vivo reactivity of mesenteric small arteries (MSAs) to vasoactive agents in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats with various sodium diets. Twenty-four male DS rats were randomized into 3 groups: LS (0.3% NaCl diet), NS (0.6% NaCl diet), and HS (8% NaCl diet). After a 12-week intervention, the diameter changes of the MSAs after noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (ACh) exposure were detected by a microscope, and changes in blood perfusion through the MSAs were measured by full-field laser perfusion imaging. HS enhanced the constrictive response of the MSAs to NA and attenuated the relaxing response to ACh. Low sodium intake reduced the response of the MSAs to NA and promoted ACh-induced vasodilatation. HS also aggravated NA-induced blood perfusion reduction and impaired ACh-induced hyperperfusion of the MSAs. Pathologically, HS was associated with arteriolar structural damage and fibrosis of the MSAs. We conclude that sodium intake affects the responsiveness of the MSAs to vasoactive agents in DS rats and might play important roles in modulating blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.

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“…There are important data both about the relationship of the salinity of the diet and the effect of losartan with the intrarenal RAS Szauder/Csajági/Major/Pavlik/Ujhelyi: Effect of the Twice-Daily Administration of Perindopril and Losartan and the plasma thromboxane A2 level and also about the renoprotective effect of losartan. The effect of losartan in the change of intrarenal RAS: with Wistar rats in high-salt diet, Losartan failed to reduce SBP but abolished the increase of proteinuria, renal cortex renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II and urinary angiotensinogen when compared with high salt group [31]. There are similar accounts of the renal protective effect: the losartan/thiazide combination therapy attenuated glomerular overload, indicating that this therapy may provide glomerular protection in patients with an elevated GFR without causing prolonged damage to renal function [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Hypertension: Favourable Effect of the Twice-Daily Compared to the Once-Daily (Evening) Administration of Perindopril and Losartan

Ipoly¹,

Csajági

Major

et al. 2015

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: Little is known about the effect of twice daily administration of same dose of ACE inhibitor and ARB on the diurnal/nocturnal blood pressure (BP) ratio. We aimed to assess the effect of two widely used long-acting drugs: perindopril and losartan in the treatment of hypertension comparing the once-daily (evening) vs. twice-daily (morning and evening) administration with the same daily doses. Methods: Untreated primary hypertensive patients without complaints (a total of 164: 65 men, 99 women, 55.7±13.7 years of age, 41-41 patients per treated groups) were selected with non-dipper phenomenon, estimated by diurnal index (DI) <10%. The effect of evening (8 mg perindopril or 100 mg losartan) vs morning and evening (4-4 mg perindopril or 50-50 mg losartan) administration was determined on a 14-day treatment by ABPM. Results: The mean BP, the percent time elevation index, and the hyperbaric impact decreased in both drug groups. Significant difference was observed in the DI in the case of twice-daily administration vs once-daily evening dosing. Conclusions: The twice-daily administration with the same daily dose of perindopril or losartan seems to be more effective compared to the once daily evening administration in eliminating the non-dipper phenomenon. According to some authors the non-dipping phenomenon increases cardiovascular risk, while others are of the opinion that the association of non-dipping with cardiovascular events does not necessarily mean that selective treatment of non-dipping improves cardiovascular outcomes.

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Up-Regulation of Intrarenal Renin-Agiotensin System Contributes to Renal Damage in High-Salt Induced Hypertension Rats

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet

High Sodium Intake Impairs Small Artery Vasoreactivity in vivo in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats

Treatment of Hypertension: Favourable Effect of the Twice-Daily Compared to the Once-Daily (Evening) Administration of Perindopril and Losartan

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