Up-regulated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22 in Egyptian pediatric patients with COVID-19 and MIS-C: Relation to the disease outcome

Mostafa, Gehan Ahmed; Ibrahim, Hanan; Shehab, Abeer A.; Magdy, Sondos M; Soliman, Nada AboAbdoun; EL-Sherif, Dalia F.

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155870

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…IL-22 has not been well explored in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 as few studies have been conducted in this context. Consistent with our observation, IL-22 showed up-regulated serum levels in COVID-19 patients < 16 years of age [ 12 ]. In addition, evidence has been provided that IL-22 receptor 1 (IL22R1) shows abnormal expression in blood myeloid cells and CD4 + T cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Interleukin-22 and interleukin-33 show up-regulated levels in the serum of patients with mild/moderate Coronavirus disease 2019

Majeed

Zulkafli

Ad’hiah

2023

Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci

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Background This study analyzed serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-33 (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in 90 patients with mild/moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 90 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure IL-22 and IL-33 concentrations. Results Median (interquartile range) concentrations of IL-22 and IL-33 were significantly higher in patients than in controls (IL-22: 18.6 [18.0–19.3] vs. 13.9 [12.1–14.9] pg/mL, probability [p] < 0.001; IL-33: 37.8 [35.3–43.0] vs. 24.1 [23.0–26.2] pg/mL, p < 0.001). As indicated by the area under the curve (AUC), IL-22 and IL-33 were excellent predictors of COVID-19 (AUC = 0.95 and 0.892, respectively). Multinomial logistic regression analysis demonstrated that individuals with high production (> control median) of IL-22 (odds ratio = 17.80 [95% CI: 6.48–48.90]; p = 0.001) and IL-33 (odds ratio = 19.0 [95% CI: 7.4–48.6]; p = 0.001) were more likely to develop COVID-19. A positive correlation was found between IL-22 and IL-33 and both cytokines also showed positive correlations with granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in all participants. Conclusions IL-22 and IL-33 showed up-regulated concentrations in the serum of patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Both cytokines may have prognostic value for COVID-19 along with their association with disease risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Interleukin-22 and interleukin-33 show up-regulated levels in the serum of patients with mild/moderate Coronavirus disease 2019

Majeed

Zulkafli

Ad’hiah

2023

Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci

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“…IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by different cell types such as natural-killer cells (NK cells), CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells. While IL-17A-induced inflammation in adults is correlated with worse disease outcomes, this has not been observed in the pediatric population [ 72 ], and this study suggests that IL-17A or IL-17A producing cells may play a protective role in children. The functional status of NK cells in adults, which deteriorates as part of the aging process and following COVID-19 infectivity, could contribute to this difference [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Molecular Determinants of the Early Life Immune Response to COVID-19 Infection and Immunization

2023

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Clinical manifestations from primary COVID infection in children are generally less severe as compared to adults, and severe pediatric cases occur predominantly in children with underlying medical conditions. However, despite the lower incidence of disease severity, the burden of COVID-19 in children is not negligible. Throughout the course of the pandemic, the case incidence in children has substantially increased, with estimated cumulative rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptomatic illness in children comparable to those in adults. Vaccination is a key approach to enhance immunogenicity and protection against SARS-CoV-2. Although the immune system of children is functionally distinct from that of other age groups, vaccine development specific for the pediatric population has mostly been limited to dose-titration of formulations that were developed primarily for adults. In this review, we summarize the literature pertaining to age-specific differences in COVID-19 pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. In addition, we review molecular distinctions in how the early life immune system responds to infection and vaccination. Finally, we discuss recent advances in development of pediatric COVID-19 vaccines and provide future directions for basic and translational research in this area.

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“…According to the findings, it appears that increased RORγt expression may be linked to faster cell growth, which may be a major factor in the induction of excessive inflammation in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Previous studies showed that the hypercytokinemia storm in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients significantly increased the amount of IL-17A, the primary cytokine produced by Th17 ( Shibabaw, 2020 , Ahmed Mostafa et al, 2022 , Rushdy et al, 2022 ). Prior studies have also shown the development of the Th17 subset in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients ( Pourgholaminejad et al, 2022 , Sarmiento-Monroy et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-155 and 194 alter expression of Th17 and T regulatory-related transcription factors in the patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2023

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Up-regulated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22 in Egyptian pediatric patients with COVID-19 and MIS-C: Relation to the disease outcome

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Interleukin-22 and interleukin-33 show up-regulated levels in the serum of patients with mild/moderate Coronavirus disease 2019

Interleukin-22 and interleukin-33 show up-regulated levels in the serum of patients with mild/moderate Coronavirus disease 2019

Molecular Determinants of the Early Life Immune Response to COVID-19 Infection and Immunization

MicroRNA-155 and 194 alter expression of Th17 and T regulatory-related transcription factors in the patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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