Up- and down-regulating facial disgust: Affective, vagal, sympathetic, and respiratory consequences

Watching emotional movies: Affective reactions and gender differences

“…Despite this prediction, several previous studies using film clips either failed to find any effect of film content on RSA, or found inconsistent results (Baldaro et al, 2001;Christie and Friedman, 2004;Demaree et al, 2006;Frazier et al, 2004;Kreibig et al, 2007;Palomba et al, 2000;Sarlo et al, 2002;Steptoe and Wardle, 1988). Similarly, in the present study, RSA was not affected by the emotional value of the stimuli.…”

Cardiovascular indicators of disgust

“…It can be observed that disgustinduction is accompanied by consistent increases in electrodermal activity (Gross, 1998;Gross and Levenson, 1993;Johnsen et al, 1995;Lang et al, 1993;Levenson et al, 1990;Schienle et al, 2001), which indicates an increased sympathetic activity. After an induction of disgust, Demaree et al (2006) found no significant changes in respiratory sinus arrhythmia, which is an indicator of parasympathetic activity. Findings concerning the influence of disgust on heart rate, which is mediated by the sympathetic and by the parasympathetic system, are heterogenous.…”

Automatic emotion regulation during anger provocation

“…For example, eVortful involvement in the counting task (with strong cardiovascular eVects; e.g., Bosch, de Geus, & Veerman, 2003) might have counteracted any beneWcial eVects of lesser anger experience and could thus have obscured eVects of the experimental manipulation. However, the fact that there is no maladaptive eVect of the emotion control prime on cardiovascular responding distinguishes this type of emotion control from other types of emotion control (e.g., suppression or repression), which have been reliably associated with maladaptive physiological responding (e.g., Demaree, Schmeichel, Robinson, & Berntson, 2006;Gross, 1998;Gross & Levenson, 1997;Weinberger, 1995).…”