Watching emotional movies: Affective reactions and gender differences

The influence of attention and arousal on emotion perception in adults with severe traumatic brain injury

“…This finding contradicts reports of similar investigations where differential SCRs to negative emotions are found in normal participants but not people with TBI (Blair and Cipolotti, 2000;Hopkins et al, 2002). However, it is also the case that such differential SCR responses are typically elicited using highly arousing negative and positive stimuli (such as images of mutilations, erotica) (Angrilli et al, 1999;Bradley et al, 2008;Codispoti et al, 2008;Damasio et al, 1990). Faces are less arousing as stimuli (Lang et al, 1999) and produce muted physiological reactions compared to more graphic material (Saunders et al, 2006).…”

“…As described above, SCR indexes the initial orienting reflex (OR) (Pavlov, 1927) that is triggered by the slightest change in the environment (Sokolov, 1963a,b) and which is primarily reflected in habituation to repeated stimulus presentations (Connolly and Frith, 1978;Groves and Thompson, 1970;Barry, 2007, 2009;Webster et al, 1965). SCRs typically increase when participants view emotionally arousing vs. neutral images, (Angrilli et al, 1999;Bradley et al, 2008;Codispoti et al, 2008) and have been reported to be greater to negative vs. positive and neutral facial expressions (Blair and Cipolotti, 2000;Hopkins et al, 2002). Evoked Cardiac Responses (ECR) reflect heightened sensory intake and the increased attentional processing associated with the OR (Lacey andLacey, 1978, 1980;Lacey, 1967).…”

Something to gain, something to lose: The cardiovascular consequences of outcome framing

“…Task engagement-underlying both challenge and threat motivation-is marked by an increase in HR and a decrease in PEP from baseline; larger changes should reflect relatively greater task engagement. Because the BPS focuses on active goal pursuit rather than passive situations (e.g., watching a disturbing video), it predicts increases in HR with task engagement rather than the decreases that accompany an orienting response (e.g., Codispoti, Surcinelli, and Baldaro, 2008). Given task engagement, challenge is marked by higher CO and lower TPR than threat, such that relatively higher CO and lower TPR reflect relatively greater challenge or lesser threat.…”

Psychometric modeling of the pervasive use of Facebook through psychophysiological measures: Stress or optimal experience?

“…Valence and arousal dynamics have been used extensively in psychophysiological research as an objective way to measure affective states during a mediated experience (Backs, da Silva, & Han, 2005;Bradley & Lang, 2000;Codispoti, Surcinelli, & Baldaro, 2008;Gruhn & Scheibe, 2008;Keil et al, 2002;Morris, 1995;Rubin, Rubin, Graham, Perse, & Seibold, 2009;Salimpoor, Benovoy, Larcher, Dagher, & Zatorre, 2011;Salimpoor, Benovoy, Longo, Cooperstock, & Zatorre, 2009;Tajadura-Jimenez, Pantelidou, Rebacz, Vastfjall, & Tsakiris, 2011). More recently, an extensive research has been done to discern different emotions by the means of cardiovascular measures (Cacioppo, Tassinary, & Berntson, 2007;Rainville, Bechara, Naqvi, & Damasio, 2006), confirming the results that can be obtained using specific pattern of the cardiovascular indexes Mauri, Cipresso, Balgera, Villamira, & Riva, 2011;Mauri et al, 2010).…”