Unveiling the effect and correlative mechanism of series-dilute electrolytes on lithium metal anodes

Rationally Designed Fluorinated Polycation Electrolytes for High-Rate, Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Batteries

“…In Figure S8, the disappearance of the hydroxyl stretching vibration peak of HOIL at 3271 cm −1 , the appearance of the carbonyl stretching vibration peak at 1714 cm −1 , and the −SO 2 − stretching vibration peak at 1351 cm −1 confirm the successful synthesis of MAIL. 22,42 Meanwhile, the chemical structures of HOIL and MAIL were further confirmed by 1 H NMR (Figures S4 and S5) and 13 C NMR (Figures S6 and S7). The FT-IR spectra of PFS, PEGMA, PEGDMA, MAIL, and EFA are shown in Figure 2a.…”

“…The coordination numbers of Li + with PEGMA in EFA-G and E-G were 0.10 and 0.43, respectively. This suggests that, compared to E-G, Li + in EFA-G forms fewer coordination bonds with the polymer chains, which helps to enhance the transference of Li + in the electrolyte. Figure S14 shows the RDF and CN of Li + with the N and O atoms of TFSI – in the E-G and EFA-G systems.…”

“…As portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and smart grid energy storage systems continue to evolve, increased demands have emerged for enhanced power density, energy density, cycle life, and safety within energy storage devices. Lithium metal is regarded as the “holy grail” of anode materials due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g –1 ) and low electrode potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode) . Unfortunately, there is a high reactivity between commercial liquid electrolytes and lithium metal.…”

“…Lithium metal is regarded as the "holy grail" of anode materials due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g −1 ) and low electrode potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). 1 Unfortunately, there is a high reactivity between commercial liquid electrolytes and lithium metal. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) generated through the interaction between conventional liquid electrolytes and lithium metal is neither stable nor reliable for ensuring the integrity of lithium metal, leading to uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites during charge and discharge processes, resulting in capacity degradation and internal short circuits in lithium metal batteries.…”

Regulation of Li+ Diffusion via an Engineered Separator to Realize a Homogeneous Lithium Microstructure in Advanced Li-Metal Batteries

“…Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are of significant interest for the development of clean energy storage devices owing to the large growth in consumer electronic devices and electric vehicles. , However, commercial graphite anodes (372 mA h g –1 ) are unable to satisfy the increasing demand for high-energy-density LIBs. , Metallic Li, which possesses the highest theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g –1 ), lowest mass density (0.53 g cm –3 ), and low anode potential (−3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), is considered one of the most promising anode materials to overcome the energy density bottleneck of LIBs. − However, issues induced by the uneven dissolution/deposition behavior of the Li metal anode (LMA), including the growth of a dendritic Li, accumulation of a side-reaction “dead Li”, and infinite volume expansion of the electrode, have limited the practical application of Li-metal batteries (LMBs). − To overcome these problems, numerous strategies have been employed; these include (i) regulation of the electrolyte with functional additives or development of a solid-state electrolyte, − (ii) design of a three-dimensional (3D) structured anode with a large surface area, − (iii) introduction of an artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at the electrode/electrolyte interface, , and (iv) modification of a separator. , …”