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Amidst the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the detection and assessment of metal/nonmetal ions, drugs, pesticides, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and other pathogens have become paramount for effective water environmental quality management. Cobalt metal nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for diverse applications spanning catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. Their unique catalytic ability, as well as their electrochemical redox capabilities and peroxidase-mimicking activity, make them effective substitutes for biological enzymes. Recent research advancements have showcased the potential of cobalt-based nanomaterials, particularly cobalt metal–organic frameworks (Co-MOFs), which have achieved numerous breakthroughs in optical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical sensing. However, the limitations of single metal materials in terms of catalytic activity, stability, and electronic properties have prompted the evolution toward binary and ternary cobalt-based nanocomposites. To fully exploit the potential of these promising materials for practical applications, the development of effective strategies for controlling structural defects and engineering the chemical functional groups of cobalt-based nanocomposites is crucial for producing high-quality, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly cobalt-based nanomaterials. Additionally, enhancing the anti-interference capability of cobalt-based nanomaterial sensors and optimizing their applicable conditions are essential next steps. The insights presented in the review will provide valuable support for the further development and wider adoption of cobalt-based nanomaterials in practical applications, contributing to advancements in water environmental quality management and beyond.
Amidst the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the detection and assessment of metal/nonmetal ions, drugs, pesticides, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and other pathogens have become paramount for effective water environmental quality management. Cobalt metal nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for diverse applications spanning catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. Their unique catalytic ability, as well as their electrochemical redox capabilities and peroxidase-mimicking activity, make them effective substitutes for biological enzymes. Recent research advancements have showcased the potential of cobalt-based nanomaterials, particularly cobalt metal–organic frameworks (Co-MOFs), which have achieved numerous breakthroughs in optical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical sensing. However, the limitations of single metal materials in terms of catalytic activity, stability, and electronic properties have prompted the evolution toward binary and ternary cobalt-based nanocomposites. To fully exploit the potential of these promising materials for practical applications, the development of effective strategies for controlling structural defects and engineering the chemical functional groups of cobalt-based nanocomposites is crucial for producing high-quality, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly cobalt-based nanomaterials. Additionally, enhancing the anti-interference capability of cobalt-based nanomaterial sensors and optimizing their applicable conditions are essential next steps. The insights presented in the review will provide valuable support for the further development and wider adoption of cobalt-based nanomaterials in practical applications, contributing to advancements in water environmental quality management and beyond.
This study focuses on the development of CuO nanoneedle and multi wall carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanocomposites for medium voltage cable applications. CuO nanoneedles were synthesized using a pulsed wire evaporation technique and integrated with CNTs to create CuO/CNT nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were then used to reinforce PVC films through a solution casting method. Microstructural characterization confirmed the uniform dispersion of CuO nanoneedles and CNTs concentrations (0–0.4 wt%) within the PVC matrix. Microstructural characterization by XRD, SEM, and TEM confirmed the formation of CuO nanoneedles (diameter ∼4 nm, length 200–250 nm) and their uniform dispersion within the PVC matrix along with CNTs. Optical studies revealed reduced optical bandgap and Urbach tail width in PVC/CuO/CNT nanocomposites compared to neat PVC/CuO. Electrical characterization showed significantly improved AC conductivity (up to eight orders of magnitude) with increasing CNT loading, attributed to the formation of efficient charge transport networks. Dielectric studies revealed concurrent improvements in dielectric permittivity and losses with CNT addition. Simulations demonstrated a more uniform electric field distribution in PVC/CuO/CNT nanocomposites, mitigating hotspots. The synergetic effects of CuO nanoneedles and CNTs led to excellent improvements in the electric properties of PVC, underscoring their potential in medium voltage cable applications.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most dangerous mycotoxins found in food, necessitating the development of precise and reliable methodologies for its detection. In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) integrated with a carbon-paste electrode was developed for the voltammetric determination of AFB1. The innovative aspect of this work lies in the use of methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, which enhances the sensor’s selectivity and binding affinity. The developed electrochemical sensor exhibited a linear response range from 20.8 to 80 ng/L, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.31 ng/L and a sensitivity of 19.83 µA (ng/L)−1 cm−2. The sensor demonstrated outstanding analytical performance, with reproducibility and repeatability yielding relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.24% and 1.41%, respectively. To validate the sensor’s practical applicability, its performance was tested in real samples of corn and wheat using the standard addition method. Samples were prepared following official Mexican standard methods. Detected AFB1 concentrations were 0.0147 μg/L and 0.0138 μg/L for corn and wheat, respectively. A statistical comparison using the Student’s t-test confirmed no significant matrix effects, underscoring the high selectivity and accuracy of the MIP-modified sensor. This work introduces a highly selective, sensitive, and reproducible methodology for AFB1 detection, which could significantly advance food safety monitoring.
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