Exploring the potential of CuO nanoneedles and CNT/PVC nanocomposites in medium voltage cable technology

Abstract

This study focuses on the development of CuO nanoneedle and multi wall carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanocomposites for medium voltage cable applications. CuO nanoneedles were synthesized using a pulsed wire evaporation technique and integrated with CNTs to create CuO/CNT nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were then used to reinforce PVC films through a solution casting method. Microstructural characterization confirmed the uniform dispersion of CuO nanoneedles and CNTs concentrations (0–0.4 wt%) within the PVC matrix. Microstructural characterization by XRD, SEM, and TEM confirmed the formation of CuO nanoneedles (diameter ∼4 nm, length 200–250 nm) and their uniform dispersion within the PVC matrix along with CNTs. Optical studies revealed reduced optical bandgap and Urbach tail width in PVC/CuO/CNT nanocomposites compared to neat PVC/CuO. Electrical characterization showed significantly improved AC conductivity (up to eight orders of magnitude) with increasing CNT loading, attributed to the formation of efficient charge transport networks. Dielectric studies revealed concurrent improvements in dielectric permittivity and losses with CNT addition. Simulations demonstrated a more uniform electric field distribution in PVC/CuO/CNT nanocomposites, mitigating hotspots. The synergetic effects of CuO nanoneedles and CNTs led to excellent improvements in the electric properties of PVC, underscoring their potential in medium voltage cable applications.