Unveil key functions in socio-technical systems: mapping FRAM into a multilayer network

Falegnami, Andrea; Costantino, Francesco; Gravio, Giulio Di; Patriarca, Riccardo

doi:10.1007/s10111-019-00612-0

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This means concentration on creating a bridge between FRAM and other (quantitative) approaches could be helpful. Using multilayer approaches, like Monte Carlo simulation might be helpful to quantify the sources of variability in complex systems, as Falegnami et al (2019) and Patriarca, Di Gravio, and Costantino (2017) highlighted. The analytic hierarchy process method might be another solution for identifying the sources of performance variability and finding functional resonance by investigating the relative importance of criteria and alternatives (Rosa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling complex socio‐technical systems using the FRAM: A literature review

Salehi

Veitch

Smith

2020

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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This is a review paper of studies that have employed the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM). FRAM is a relatively new systemic method for modeling and analyzing complex socio-technical systems. This review aims to address the following research questions: (a) Why is FRAM used? (b) To what domains has FRAM been applied? (c) What are the appropriate data collection approaches in practice? (d) What are the deficiencies of FRAM? A review of 52 FRAM-related studies published between 2010 and 2020 revealed that FRAM-based models can be used as a basis for improving safety management, accident/incident investigation, hazard identification/risk management, and complexity management in complex socio-technical systems. The outcomes also showed that healthcare was the most common domain that employed FRAM (31% of the investigated studies). The results of exploring data collection methods indicated a mixed method (interview, focus group, observation) was employed in 52% of the analyzed studies, and the accident investigation report was the most popular approach in aviation-related studies. An investigation of the deficiencies of the FRAM showed that it should be upgraded by exploiting supplementary methods to enhance its analytical and computational capacity to help risk analysts and safety managers in complex socio-technical systems. K E Y W O R D S accident investigation, complex socio-technical systems, complexity management, functional resonance analysis method (FRAM), hazard identification, safety management 1 | INTRODUCTION 1.1 | Background Complex socio-technical systems consist of some subsystems and subactivities linked in known or unknown ways (Hollnagel, 2012a, 2012b). Examples of socio-technical systems include healthcare, aviation, manufacturing, power industry, and automotive (Soliman & Saurin, 2017). They are inherently complex, nonlinear, uncertain, and dynamic (Jensen & Aven, 2018). Complex relationships between humans and their environments, including technologies and organizations, show that safety is not a linear and straightforward process in such systems (Grant et al., 2018). In the Safety-I perspective, the focus is on reducing adverse outcomes, such as accidents, incidents, and near misses (Hollnagel, 2018). The core idea of the established techniques for analyzing risks and accidents in the Safety-I approach is based on event chains: unexpected outcomes and potential accidents cannot be anticipated by considering event chains or possible

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling complex socio‐technical systems using the FRAM: A literature review

Salehi

Veitch

Smith

2020

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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“…This method consists of producing a representation of daily activities of a system in terms of the functions needed to execute them and the ways they are interdependent [100]. Although there are some attempts to formalize this method to quantitatively investigate STS resilience (see [101] for the complex network approach and [102] for the fuzzy logic approach), no model exists that formally integrates the functioning of the individual/social cognition and behavior mechanisms.…”

Section: Modeling Sts Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Resilience of Complex Safety-Critical Sociotechnical Systems: Toward a Unified Conceptual Framework and Its Formalization

2021

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Resilience is commonly understood as the capacity for a system to maintain a desirable state while undergoing adversity or to return to a desirable state as quickly as possible after being impacted. In this paper, we focus on resilience for complex sociotechnical systems (STS), specifically those where safety is an important aspect. Two main desiderata for safety-critical STS to be resilient are adaptive capacity and adaptation. Formal studies integrating human cognition and social aspects are needed to quantify the capacity to adapt and the effects of adaptation. We propose a conceptual framework to elaborate on the concept of resilience of safety-critical STS, based on adaptive capacity and adaptation and how this can be formalized. A set of mechanisms is identified that is necessary for STS to have the capacity to adapt. Mechanisms belonging to adaptive capacity include situation awareness, sensemaking, monitoring, decision-making, coordination, and learning. It is posited that the two mechanisms required to perform adaptation are anticipation and responding. This framework attempts to coherently integrate the key components of the multifaceted concept of STS Equationsadaptive resilience. This can then be used to pursue the formal representation of Equationsadaptive resilience, its modeling, and its operationalization in real-world safety-critical STS.

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“…First, more specifically, complexity constitutes the prerequisite of functional resonance and internet public opinion [20]. In a general information dissemination system, information starts from the initial sender to the receiver and reaches more audience members.…”

Section: Why We Use Functional Resonance To Analyze Public Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online public opinion evaluation through the functional resonance analysis method and deep analysis

Chen

Luo

2021

PLoS ONE

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A conventional model of public opinion analysis is no longer suitable when the internet is the primary arena of information dissemination. Thus, a more practical approach is urgently needed to deal with this dynamic and complicated phenomenon of propagating public opinion. This paper proposes that the outbreak of internet public opinion and its negative impacts, such as the occurrence of major security incidents, are a result of coupling and the complex interaction of many factors. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method model is composed of those factors and considers the stages of network information dissemination, the unique propagation rule, and textual sentiment resonance on the internet. Moreover, it is the first public opinion governance method that simultaneously highlights the complex system, functional identification, and functional resonance. It suggests a more effective method to shorten the dissipation time of negative public opinion and is a considerable improvement over previous models for risk-prediction. Based on resonance theory and deep learning, this study establishes public opinion resonance functions, which made it possible to analyze public opinion triggers and build a simulation model to explore the patterns of public opinion development through long-term data capture. The simulation results of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method suggest that the resonance in the model is consistent with the evolution of public opinion in real situations and that the components of the resonance of public opinion can be separated into eleven subjective factors and three objective factors. In addition, managing the subjective factors can significantly accelerate the dissipation of negative opinions.

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Unveil key functions in socio-technical systems: mapping FRAM into a multilayer network

Cited by 28 publications

References 50 publications

Modeling complex socio‐technical systems using the FRAM: A literature review

Modeling complex socio‐technical systems using the FRAM: A literature review

Adaptive Resilience of Complex Safety-Critical Sociotechnical Systems: Toward a Unified Conceptual Framework and Its Formalization

Online public opinion evaluation through the functional resonance analysis method and deep analysis

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