Unusual underground Capping Carbonyl Clusters of Palladium

Abstract

Transition metal carbonyls form unlike boranes a wide range of clusters. High nuclearity carbonyl clusters have a tendency to form capped clusters. Using the method of series explained in this paper, many capped carbonyl clusters have been identified for group 7, 8, 9 and 10 transition metals such as rhenium, osmium, rhodium and palladium. The series have discovered that palladium form exclusively capped carbonyl clusters. Furthermore, it has been discovered that some of the capped clusters have negative nuclear closo function. Such carbonyls have been regarded as capping underground. This paper presents the unique characteristic of high nuclearity capping carbonyl clusters of palladium.Keywords: polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory, palladium capping series, underground capping clusters, clusters of high nuclearity, carbonyls of rhenium, osmium, rhodium, and palladium, hoffmann and isolobal series.

Graph Theory of Capping Golden Clusters

“…It was also found that the majority of the simple clusters of nuclearity index 4-13 had either ONE or TWO golden skeletal elements in the cluster nucleus (Kiremire, 2016a(Kiremire, , 2017a. This information was in agreement with earlier observation by the series method that indeed some clusters had octahedral cluster nuclei in them (Kiremire, 2016b).The subsequent work also revealed that, clusters could be explained more clearly in terms of their structures and ligand distribution onto skeletal elements by using skeletal numbers and valences (Kiremire, 2017c). Using skeletal numbers and the ligand distribution concept, it has been discovered that some golden cluster nuclei with [Mx], where x≤0 do "swallow" skeletal and/or ligand linkages.…”

“…Previously, the series were capturing clusters which were mono-capped, bi-capped, tri-capped, and so on (Kiremire, 2015(Kiremire, , 2016b. The symbol was not extended to the lower series such as CLOSO, NIDO, ARACHNO, and KLAPO.…”

Classification of Zintl Ion Clusters using 4n Series Approach

“…The 4n series method has been discussed in details in earlier work [7][8] . Nonetheless, a brief outline of the method will be given here as well as some examples illustrating of how it is applied.…”

The Golden Series and Clusters of Gold-unique Shapes and Bonding

“…It has also been found that those golden clusters centered on one nuclear skeletal element [M-1] are normally referred to as CENTERED TORROIDAL, while those centered on two nuclear skeletal elements, [M-2] are usually referred to as CENTERED SPHERICAL(see Table 8). The capping phenomenon was extensively discussed in previous work (Kiremire, 2016c). In this paper, only brief highlights will be covered by examples.…”

“…The k(n) = -1(2) makes little chemical sense and therefore it is not necessary to go beyond this point. In earlier work (Kiremire, 2016c), the capping osmium carbonyl fragment was found to be Os(CO) 3 , S = 14n-2, k = 2n+1=3, V = 14 and it involves changing the type of series. However the horizontal movement along the row the type of series remain the same and ∆n = ±1 and k = ±2.…”