Unusual presentation of onychomycosis caused by Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis

Park, K. Y.; Kim, H. K.; Suh, Moo Kyu; Seo, Sang Woo

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03977.x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Exophiala dermatitidis , like Candida albicans (Schaller et al, 1999 ; Albrecht et al, 2006 ), is a polymorphic fungus that can adopt yeast-like form or the hyphal form. Both morphologies were found in various cases of Phaehyphomycosis caused by Exophiala dermatitidis (Woollons et al, 1996 ; Myoken et al, 2003 ; Park et al, 2011 ). In the HE stained specimen it can be observed that the majority of the fungal cells are in yeast form (see Figure 1D ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Transcriptome of Exophiala dermatitidis during Ex-vivo Skin Model Infection

Poyntner

Blasi

Arcalís

et al. 2016

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is a widespread polyextremophile and human pathogen, that is found in extreme natural habitats and man-made environments such as dishwashers. It can cause various diseases ranging from phaeohyphomycosis and systemic infections, with fatality rates reaching 40%. While the number of cases in immunocompromised patients are increasing, knowledge of the infections, virulence factors and host response is still scarce. In this study, for the first time, an artificial infection of an ex-vivo skin model with Exophiala dermatitidis was monitored microscopically and transcriptomically. Results show that Exophiala dermatitidis is able to actively grow and penetrate the skin. The analysis of the genomic and RNA-sequencing data delivers a rich and complex transcriptome where circular RNAs, fusion transcripts, long non-coding RNAs and antisense transcripts are found. Changes in transcription strongly affect pathways related to nutrients acquisition, energy metabolism, cell wall, morphological switch, and known virulence factors. The L-Tyrosine melanin pathway is specifically upregulated during infection. Moreover the production of secondary metabolites, especially alkaloids, is increased. Our study is the first that gives an insight into the complexity of the transcriptome of Exophiala dermatitidis during artificial skin infections and reveals new virulence factors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Transcriptome of Exophiala dermatitidis during Ex-vivo Skin Model Infection

Poyntner

Blasi

Arcalís

et al. 2016

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, the environmental fungus E. dermatitidis should not be neglected when they are isolated from clinical specimens. This agent is causative of skin and subcutaneous tissue infections and systemic infections but rarely causes onychomycosis [2,5,6,[19][20][21]35]. Thus, we are reporting a rare case of mixed infection of the toenail caused by C. parapsilosis and E. dermatitidis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by Candida parapsilosis and Exophiala dermatitidis and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed Biofilm

Salvador

Veiga

Svidzinski

et al. 2023

JoF

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Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal nail infection caused by several filamentous and yeast-like fungi, such as the genus Candida spp., of great clinical importance. Black yeasts, such as Exophiala dermatitidis, a closely related Candida spp. species, also act as opportunistic pathogens. Fungi infectious diseases are affected by organisms organized in biofilm in onychomycosis, making treatment even more difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility profile to propolis extract and the ability to form a simple and mixed biofilm of two yeasts isolated from the same onychomycosis infection. The yeasts isolated from a patient with onychomycosis were identified as Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and Exophiala dermatitidis. Both yeasts were able to form simple and mixed (in combination) biofilms. Notably, C. parapsilosis prevailed when presented in combination. The susceptibility profile of propolis extract showed action against E. dermatitidis and C. parapsilosis in planktonic form, but when the yeasts were in mixed biofilm, we only observed action against E. dermatitidis, until total eradication.

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“…The range of mycoses incited by E. dermatitidis include neurotropic infections, systemic lymphadenitis, cutaneous and subcutaneous infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals and colonisation of airways in cystic fibrosis patients 2 . E. dermatitidis rarely affects the nails; few cases of onychomycosis have been reported in the literature regarding the formation of fungal melanonychia, a rare tan black pigmentation within the nail plate caused by fungal nail infection 3,4 . The main risk factor responsible for the onset of onychomycosis by Exophiala is represented by the traumatic implantation of the fungus into the nail usually through interaction with plants or dirt, although in some cases the route of infection is unknown; other risk factors include poor health, warm climate, immunosuppression, communal bathing and occlusive footwear 5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 E. dermatitidis rarely affects the nails; few cases of onychomycosis have been reported in the literature regarding the formation of fungal melanonychia, a rare tan black pigmentation within the nail plate caused by fungal nail infection. 3,4 The main risk factor responsible for the onset of onychomycosis by Exophiala is represented by the traumatic implantation of the fungus into the nail usually through interaction with plants or dirt, although in some cases the route of infection is unknown; other risk factors include poor health, warm climate, immunosuppression, communal bathing and occlusive footwear. 5 No approved antifungal therapy exists for onychomycosis by E. dermatitidis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%